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Encyclopedia Britannica



MANUAL

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 608 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAL-MAR
MANUAL , i.e. belonging to the hand (Lat. mantes), a word chiefly used to describe an occupation which employs the hands,' as opposed to that which chiefly or entirely employs the mind. Particular uses of the word are: " sign-manual, a signature or autograph, especially one affixed to a state document; " manual-exercise," in military usage,
drill
  in the handling of the rifle; "manual
alphabet
 ," the formation of the letters of the
alphabet
  by the fingers of one or both hands for communication with the deaf and dumb; and " manual acts," the breaking of the bread, and the taking of the cup in the hands by the officiating priest in consecrating the elements during the celebration of the
Eucharist
 . The use of the word for tools and implements to be used by. the hand, as, distinct from machinery, only survives in the " manual fire-
engine
 ." From the
late
  Latin use of manuale as a substantive, meaning " handbook," conies the use of the word for a book treating a subject in a concise way, but more particularly of a book of offices, containing the forms to be used in the administration of the sacraments other than the
Mass
 , but including communion out of the
Mass
 , also the forms for churching, burials, &c. In the Roman
Church
  such a book is usually called a rituale, " manual " being the name given to it in the
English
 
Church
  before the Reformation. The keyboard of an organ, as played by the hands, is called the " manual," in distinction from the " pedal " keys played by the feet.


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