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Encyclopedia Britannica



MANGANITE

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 571 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAL-MAR
MANGANITE , a
mineral
  consisting of hydrated
manganese
  sesquioxide, Mn20aH20,crystallizing in the orthorhombic
system
  and isomorphous with diaspore and gothite. Crystals are prismatic and deeply striated parallel to their length; they are often grouped together in bundles. The colour is dark steel-grey to iron-black, and the lustre brilliant and submetallic: the streak is dark reddish-brown. The hardness is 4, and the specific
gravity 4.3. There is a perfect cleavage parallel to the brachypinacoid, and less perfect cleavage parallel to the prism faces m. Twinned crystals are not infrequent. The
mineral
  contains 89'7% of
manganese
  sesquioxide; it dissolves in hydrochloric acid with
evolution
  of chlorine. The best crystallized specimens are those from Ilfeld in the Harz, where the mineral occurs with
calcite
  and barytes in veins traversing
porphyry
 . Crystals have also been found at
Ilmenau
  in Thuringia, Neukirch near Schlett-
stadt in
Alsace
  (" newkirkite "), Granam near Towie in Aberdeenshire, Upton Pyne near
Exeter
  and
Negaunee
  in Michigan. As an ore of manganese it is much less abundant than pyrolusite or psilomelane. The name manganite was given by W. Haidinger in 1827: French authors adopt F. S. Beudant's name " acerdese," (Gr. &Keptrls, unprofitable) because the mineral is of little value for bleaching purposes as compared with pyrolusite.
(L. J. S.)


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