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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAL-MAR |
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MAMUN (c. 786-833) , originally ABDALLAH, surnamed ALMA'MON (" in whom men trust "), the seventh of the Abbasid caliphs of Bagdad, was born about A.D. 786, and was the second son of Harun al-Rashid. By Harun's will he was successor- designate to his brother Amin, during whose reign he was to be governor of the eastern part of the empire. On Harun's death (8og) Amin succeeded and Mamun acquiesced. Irritated, how-ever, by the treatment he received from Amin, and supported by a portion of the army, Mamun speedily rebelled. A five years' struggle between the two brothers
measures
March
governor of Khorasan, founded a college there, and attracted to it the most eminent men of the day, and Bagdad became the seat of academical instruction. At his own expense he caused to be translated into Arabic many valuable books from the Greek, Persian, Chaldean and Coptic languages; and he was himself an ardent student of mathematics and astronomy. The first Arabic translation
In 827 he was converted to the heterodox faith of the Mo'tazilites, who asserted the free-will of man and denied the eternity of the Koran. The later years (829-830) of his reign were distracted by hostilities with the Greek emperor Theophilus, while a series of revolts in different parts of the Arabian empire betokened the decline of the military glory
Egypt
Egypt
See further under CALIPHATE
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