MALONE, EDMOND (1741-1812)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 495 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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MALONE, EDMOND (1741-1812) , Irish Shakespearian scholar and editor, was born in Dublin, on the 4th of October 1741, the son of a barrister and a member of the Irish

House

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

of Commons. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and was called to the Irish bar in 1767. The death of his father in 1774 assured him a competency, and he went to London, where he frequented literary and artistic circles. He frequently visited Dr Johnson and was of

great

GREAT

assistance to Boswell in revising and proof-reading his Life, four of the later editions of which he annotated. He was intimate with Sir Joshua Reynolds, to whom he sat for a portrait now in the National Portrait Gallery. He was one of Reynolds' executors, and published a posthumous collection of his works (1798) with a memoir.

Horace

HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Walpole,

Burke

, Canning, Lord Charlemont, and, at first, George

Steevens

, were among Malone's friends. Encouraged by the two last he devoted himself to the study of Shakespearian chronology, and the results of his " Attempt to ascertain the Order in which the Plays of Shakespeare were written " (1778) are still largely accepted. This was followed in 178o by two supplementary volumes to

Steevens

's version of Dr Johnson's Shakespeare, partly consisting of observations on the history of the Elizabethan stage, and of the text of doubtful plays; and this again, in 1783, by an appendix volume. His refusal to alter some of his notes to Isaac Reed's edition of 1785, which disagreed with. Steevens's, resulted in a quarrel with the latter. The next seven years were devoted to Malone's own edition of Shakespeare in eleven volumes, of which his essays on the history of the stage, his biography of Shakespeare, and his attack on the genuineness of the three parts of

Henry

VI., were especially valuable.' His editorial

work

WORK

was lauded by

Burke

, criticized by Walpole and damned by Joseph Ritson. It certainly showed indefatigable research and proper respect for the text of the earlier editions. Malone published a denial of the claim to antiquity of the Rowley poems (see CHATTERTON), and in this (1782) as in his branding (1796) of the Ireland MSS. (see IRELAND, WILLIAM

HENRY

) as forgeries, he was among the first to guess and state the truth. His elaborate edition of Dryden's works (1800), with a memoir, was another monument to his industry, accuracy and scholarly care. In 18oI the university of Dublin made him an LL.D. At the time of his death, on the 25th of April 1812, Malone was at

work

WORK

on a new

octavo

OCTAVO

edition of Shakespeare, and he left his material to James Boswell the younger; the result was the edition of 1821generally known as the Third Variorum editionin twenty-one volumes. Lord Sunderlin (1738-1816), his elder brother and executor, presented the larger part of Malone's splendid collection of books, including dramatic varieties, to the Bodleian Library, which afterwards bought many of his MS. notes and his literary correspondence. The British Museum also owns some of his letters and his annotated copy of Johnson's Dictionary.
A memoir of Malone by James Boswell is included in the Prolegomena tc the edition of 1821. See also Sir J. Prior's Life of Edmond Malone (186o).

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