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Encyclopedia Britannica



MAJORIAN (Juuus VALERIUS MAJOR1ANUS)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 451 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LUP-MAL
MAJORIAN (Juuus VALERIUS MAJOR1ANUS) , emperor of the West from 457 to 461. He had distinguished himself as a general by victories over the
Franks
  and Alemanni, and six months after the deposition of Avitus he was declared emperor by the regent Ricimer. After repelling an attack by the Vandals upon Campania (458) he prepared a large force, composed chiefly of barbarians, to invade Africa, which he previously visited in disguise. Having during his stay in Gaul defeated and concluded an alliance with Theodoric the Visigoth, at the beginning of 460 he crossed the
Pyrenees
  for the purpose of joining the powerful
fleet
  which he had collected at Carthagena. The Vandal king Genseric, however, after all overtures of peace had been rejected, succeeded through the treachery of certain
officers
  in surprising the Roman
fleet
 , most of the ships being either taken or destroyed. Majorian thereupon made peace with Genseric. But his ill-success had destroyed his military reputation; his efforts to pat down abuses and improve the
condition
  of the
people
  had roused the hatred of the officials; and Ricimer, jealous of his fame and
influence
 , stirred up the foreign troops against him. A mutiny broke out in Lombardy, and on the 2nd of August 461 Majorian was forced to resign. He died five days afterwards, either of dysentery or by violence. Majorian was the author of a number of remarkable
laws
 , contained in the Theodosian Code. He remitted all arrears of taxes, the collection of which was for the future placed in the hands of the local officials. He revived the institution of defensores, defenders of cities, whose duty it was to protect the poor and inform the emperor of abuses committed in his name. The practice of pulling down the ancient monuments to be used as building material, which was connived at by venal officials, was strictly prohibited. He also passed
laws
  against compulsory ordination and premature vows of
celibacy
 .
See Sidonius Apollinaris, Panegyric of Majorian; Gibbon, Decline and Fall, ch. xxxvi. (where an outline of the " novels " of Majorian is given); J. B. Bury, Later Roman
Empire
 , bk. iii.


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