MAHAN, ALFRED THAYER (1840- )

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 394 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LUP-MAL

MAHAN, ALFRED THAYER (1840- ) , American naval officer and historian, was born on the 27th of September 1840 at West Point, New

York

. His father, Dennis Hart Mahan (18o2-1871) was a professor in the military academy, and the author of textbooks on civil and military engineering. The son graduated at the naval academy in 1859, became lieutenant in 1861, served on the " Congress," and on the " Pocahontas," " Seminole," and " James Adger " during the Civil War, and was instructor at the naval academy for a year. In 1865 he was made lieut.-

commander

COMMANDER

commander

COMMANDER

in 1872, captain in 1885. Mean-while he saw service in the Gulf of

Mexico

, the South Atlantic, the Pacific, and Asia, and did shore duty at Boston, New

York

and Annapolis. In 1886-89 he was president of the naval war college at
Newport, Rhode Island. Between 1889 and 1892 he was engaged in

special

SPECIAL

service for the bureau of navigation, and in 1893 was made commander of the " Chicago," of the European squadron. In 1896 he retired from active service, but was a member of the naval board of strategy during the war between the United States and Spain. He was a member of the peace congress at the Hague in 1899. This long and varied service gave him extensive opportunities for observation, which he supplemented by constant study of naval authorities and reflection on the interpretation of the problems of maritime history. His first book was a modest and compact story of the affairs in The Gulf and Inland Waters (1883), in a

series

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

of volumes by various writers, entitled The Navy in the Civil War; in 1890 he suddenly acquired fame by the appearance of his masterly work entitled The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 166o-1783. Having been impressed by the failure of historians to allow for the influence of sea power in struggles between nations, he was led to make prolonged investigations of this general theme (see SEA POWER). The reception accorded the volume was instant and hearty; in England, in particular, it was deemed almost an epoch-making work, and was studied by naval specialists, cabinet ministers and journalists, as well as by a large part of the general public. It was followed by The Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire (2 vols. 1892); The Life of Nelson, the Embodiment of the Sea Power of Great Britain (1897) ; and Sea Power in its Relations to the War of 1812 (19o5). The author's general aim in these workssome of which have been translated into French, German and Japanesewas to make the consideration of maritime matters paramount to that of military, political or economic movements, without, however, as he himself says " divorcing them from their surroundings of cause and effect in general history, but seeking to show how they modified the latter, and were modified by them." He selected the year 166o as the beginning of his narrative, as being the date when the sailing-ship era, with its distinctive features, had fairly begun." The

series

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

as a whole has been accepted as finally authoritative, sup-planting its predecessors of similar aim, and almostin the words of Theodore Rooseveltfounding a new school of naval historical writing.
Other works by Mahan are a Life of Admiral Farragut (1892) ; The

Interest

INTEREST

of America in Sea Power (1897) ; Lessons of the War with Spain (1899); The Story of the War with South Africa and The Problem of Asia (1900); Types of Naval Officers

drawn

DRAWN

from the History of the British Navy (1901); Retrospect and Prospect, studies of international relations (1902).

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