MADURA (Dutch Madoera)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 296 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LUP-MAL

MADURA (Dutch Madoera) , an island of the Dutch

East

EAST
EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

Indies, separated by the shallow Strait of Madura from the N.E.

coast

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

of Java. Pop. (1897), 1,652,580, of whom 1,646,071 were natives, 4252 Chinese and 558 Europeans. It extends from about 1120 32' to 114 7' E., and is divided into two nearly equal portions by the parallel of 7 S.; the area is estimated at 1725 sq. m. It is a

plateau

-like prolongation of the limestone range of northern Java, with hills (1300 to 160o ft. high) and dales. The formation of the

coast

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

and plains is Tertiary and

recent

RECENT

alluvium. Hot springs are not infrequent; and in the valley between Gunong Geger and Banjar lies the mud volcano of
Banju Ening. The coasts are clothed with tropical vegetation; but the soil is better fitted for

pastoral

PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

than agricultural purposes. Fishing and cattle-rearing are the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

means of subsistence. Besides

rice

and maize, Madura yields coco-nut oil and jail. The manufacture of salt for the government, abolished in other places, continues in Madura. Hence perhaps the name is derived (Sansk. mandura, salt). Petroleum is found in small quantities.
The principal town is Sumenep; and there are populous Malay, Arab and Chinese villages between the town and the European

settlement

SETTLEMENT
SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

of Maringan. On a hill in the neighbourhood lies Asta, the burial-place of the Sumenep princes. Pamekasan is the seat of government. Bangkalang is a large town with the old palace of the sultan of Madura and the residences of the princes of the blood; the mosque is adorned with the first three suras of the Koran, thus differing from nearly all the mosques in Java and Madura, though resembling those of western Islam. In the vicinity once stood the Erfprins fort. Arisbaya (less correctly Arosbaya) is the place where the first mosque was built in Madura, and where the Dutch sailors first made acquaintance with the natives. The once excellent harbour is now silted up. Sampang is the seat of an important market. The Kangean and Sapudi islands, belonging to Madura, yield timber, trepang, turtle, pisang and other products.
Madura formerly consisted of three native statesMadura or Bangkalang, Pamekasan and Sumenep. The whole island was considered part of the Java residency of

Surabaya

SURABAYA (Dutch Soerabaja)

. The

separate

SEPARATE

residency of Madura was constituted in 1857; it now consists of four " departments "Pamekasan, Madura, Sumenep and Sampang.
See P. J. Veth, Java, vol. iii. ; Kielstra, " Het Eiland Madoera," `n De Gids (189o); H. van Lennep, " De Madoereezen," in De Indische Gids (1895), with detailed bibliography.

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