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Encyclopedia Britannica



LYDENBURG

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 156 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LUP-MAL
LYDENBURG , a town and
district
  of the Transvaal,
South
  Africa. The town is 6o m. by rail N.N.E. of Belfast on the
Pretoria
 -Delagoa Bay railway. Pop. (1904) 1523. It is picturesquely situated on the Spekboom tributary of the Olifants river at an altitude of 4900 ft. Some 15 M. E. is the Mauchberg (8725 ft.), the highest point in the Transvaal. The town is the
chief
  centre for the Lydenburg goldfields. Next to Lydenburg the most important
settlement
  in these goldfields is Pilgrim's Rest, pop. (1904) 1188, 23 M. N.E. of Lydenburg. Lydenburg (the town of suffering) was founded in 1846 by Boers who two years previously had established themselves farther north at Ohrigstad, which they abandoned on account of the fever endemic there. Lydenburg at once became the
capital
  of a
district
  (of the same name) which then embraced all the eastern part of the Transvaal. In 1856 the Boers of Lydenburg separated from their brethren and proclaimed an independent republic, which was, however, incorporated with the
South
  African Republic in 186o. The discovery of gold near the town was made in 1869, and in 1873 the first successful goldfield in the Transvaal was opened here. It was not until 1910, however, that Lydenburg was placed in railway communication with the rest of the country. The present district of Lydenburg consists of the north-
east
  and central parts of the
original
  district. In the Lulu Mountains, a spur of the Drakensberg, and some 40 M. N.W. of Lydenburg, was the stronghold of the Kaffir
chief
  Sikukuni, whose conflict with the Boers in 1876 was one of the causes which led to the annexation of the Transvaal by
Great
  Britain in 1877. (See TRANSVAAL: History.)


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