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Encyclopedia Britannica



LYCOPHRON

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 153 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LUP-MAL
LYCOPHRON , Greek poet and grammarian, was born at Chalcis in Euboea. He flourished at Alexandria in the time of
Ptolemy
  Philadeiphus (285247 B.C.). According to Suidas, he was the son of Socles, but was adopted by Lycus of Rhegium. He was entrusted by
Ptolemy
  with the task of arranging the comedies in the Alexandrian library, and as the result of his labours composed a treatise On Comedy. His own compositions, however, chiefly consisted of tragedies (Suidas gives the titles of twenty, of which very few fragments have been preserved), which secured him a place in the Pleiad of Alexandrian tragedians. One of his poems, Alexandra or Cassandra, containing 1474 iambic lines, has been preserved entire. It is in the form of a prophecy uttered by Cassandra, and relates the later fortunes of Troy and of the Greek and Trojan heroes. References to events of mythical and later times are introduced, and the poem ends with a reference to Alexander the
Great
 , who was to unite
Asia
  and Europe in his world-wide empire. The style is so enigmatical as to have procured for Lycophron, even among the ancients, the title of "obscure" (aKOretvor). The poem is evidently intended to display the writer's knowledge of obscure names and uncommon myths; it is full of unusual words of doubtful meaning gathered from the older poets, and many long-winded compounds coined by the author. It has none of the qualities of poetry, and was probably written as a show-piece for the Alexandrian school. It was very popular in the Byzantine period, and was read and commented on very frequently; the collection of scholia by Isaac and John
Tzetzes
  is very valuable, and the MSS. of the Cassandra are numerous.' A few well-turned lines which have been preserved from Lycophron's tragedies show a much better style; they are said to have been much admired by Menedemus of Eretria, although the poet had ridiculed him in a satyric drama. Lycophron is also said to have been a skilful writer of anagrams.
Editio princeps (1513); J. Potter (1697, 1702); L. Sebastiani (1803); L. Bachmann (183o); G.
Kinkel
  (188o); E. Scheer (18811908), vol. ii. containing the scholia. The most complete edition is by C. von Holzinger (with
translation
 , introduction and notes, 1895). There are translations by F. Deheque (1853) and Viscount Royston (1806; a
work
  of
great
  merit). See also Wilamowitz-Mollendorff, De Lycophronis Alexandra (1884); J. Konze, De Dictione Lycophronis (1870). The commentaries of the
brothers
 
Tzetzes
  have been edited by C. 0. Muller (1811).


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