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Encyclopedia Britannica



LUTZOW, ADOLF, FREIHERR VON (1782-1834)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 144 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LUP-MAL
LUTZOW, ADOLF, FREIHERR VON (1782-1834) , Prussian
lieutenant
 -general, entered the army in 1795, and eleven years later as a
lieutenant
  took part in the disastrous battle of Auerstadt. He achieved distinction in the siege of Colberg, as the leader of a
squadron
  of Schill's volunteers. In 18o8, as a major, he retired from the Prussian army, indignant at the humiliating treaty of Tilsit. He took part in the heroic venture of his old
chief
  Schill in 18og; wounded at Dodendorf and left behind, he thereby escaped the fate of his comrades. In 1811 he was restored to the Prussian army as major, and at the outbreak of the " war of liberation " received permission from Scharnhorst to organize a " free corps " consisting of infantry, cavalry and Tirolese marksmen, for operating in the French rear and rallying the smaller governments into the ranks of the allies. This corps played a marked part in the campaign of 1813. But Lutzow was unable to coerce the
minor
  states, and the wanderings of the corps had little military influence. At Kitzen (near
Leipzig
 ) the whole corps, warned too
late
  of the armistice of Poischwitz, was caught on the French side of the line of demarca-
1 So called as being the only brigade containing no foreign elements in the army.
2 They had, however, found detachments to reinforce the first line.tion and, as a fighting force, annihilated. Lutzow himself, wounded, cut his way out with the survivors, and immediately began reorganizing and recruiting. In the second part of the campaign the corps served in more
regular
  warfare under Wallmoden. Lutzow and his men distinguished themselves at Gadebusch (where Korner fell) and Garde (where Lutzow himself, for the second time, received a severe wound at the head of the cavalry). Sent next against Denmark, and later employed at the siege of Jiilich, Lutzow in 1814 fell into the hands of the French. After the peace of 1814 the corps was dissolved, the infantry becoming the 25th
Regiment
 , the cavalry the 6th Ulans. At Ligny he led the 6th Ulans to the charge, but they were broken by the French cavalry, and he finally remained in the hands of the enemy, escaping, however, on the day of Waterloo. Made colonel in this year, his subsequent promotions
were: major-general 1822, and lieutenant-general (on retire-
ment) 183o. He died in 1834. One of the last acts of his
life for which Lutzow is remembered is his challenge (which was ignored) to
Blucher
 , who had been ridden down in the rout of the 6th Ulans at Ligny, and had made, in his official report, comments thereon, which their colonel considered disparaging.
See Koberstein in Preussisches Jahrbuch, vol. xxiii (Berlin, 1868), and Preussisches Bilderbuch (
Leipzig
 , 1889) ; K. von Lutzow, Adolf Lutzows Freikorps (Berlin, 1884) ; Fr. von Jagwitz, Geschichte des Lutzow'schen Freikorps (Berlin, 1892) ; and the histories of the campaigns of 1813 and 1815.


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