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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LOB-LUP |
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LOWER SIDE STRINGER the margin plate on each side, are continuous, the transverse frames being fitted between them and attached to them by angle bars. The first and third longitudinals from the middle line are intercostal, being fitted in short pieces between the frames and attached to the 15 in. deep of 33 lb per foot, riveted to the sheel-plating, which, with the channel floors, give very great local support to the bottom. This system of framing extends practically throughout the length of the vessel ; thus the bottom is very strong, and very large ballast tanks are formed, having a capacity of nearly 3000 tons. The upper deck is plated, and the stringers are made specially heavy, to compensate for the strength lost by cutting wide hatchways. Fig. 111 represents a modern British cargo steamer of ordinary construction, of about the same breadth and depth as the American British Lake steamer just described, and it will be interesting tonote the differences between the two vessels. These differ- cargo steamer, ences, so far as the outside form is concerned, are chiefly that the British cargo steamer has deck erections, top-sides and a main deck, whereas the Lake steamer has scarcely any deck erections and no topsides, while her hold extends from the top of the inner bottom to the upper deck; they are due to the fact that the latter ship is only required to traverse inland waters, where heavy weather is not met with, whereas the former is an ocean-going vessel, and must be prepared to meet all conditions of wind and sea. As to the differences in the details of construction, they are chiefly that in the American Lake steamer the bottom framing, which is of great depth, consists of deep channel- frame
The general construction of a large passenger vessel is shown by Atlantic fig. 112, which gives a perspective sectional view of the llaer, framing, &c. of the Cunard liner " Campania." The transverse frames and the girders or longitudinals extend in depth from the outer bottom plating to the inner bottom plating. The centre keelson, the second longitudinal from the middle line, and floor-plates by short angle bars. The floor-plates have large holes cut in them to lighten them, and to give access to the different spaces for inspection, painting, &c., and smaller holes for watercourses. From the margin plate the transverse frames consist of stout channel Plan. Elevation
stringers, the strength of the frames is continued by gusset plates, as shown. Some further structural arrangements usually adopted in British ships are shown in figs. 113 to 115. Fig. 113, to which reference has already been made, shows in detail the construction of a bulkhead, with the framing in wake
ordinary frame
double
work
horizontal
special
shaft
engine
Figs. 116 and 117 show the arrangements of the stern and bow framing of the " Campania," which may be taken as those usually End of Article: LOWER SIDE If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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