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Encyclopedia Britannica



LONGITUDE (from Lat. longitudo, " length ")

This article appears in Volume V16, Page 984 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LOB-LUP
LONGITUDE (from Lat. longitudo, " length ") , the
angle
  which the terrestrial meridian from the
pole
  through a point on the earth's surface makes with some standard meridian, commonly that of Greenwich. It is equal to the difference between local time on the standard meridian, and at the place defined, one hour of time corresponding to 15 difference of longitude. Formerly each nation took its own
capital
  or principal
observatory
  as the standard meridian from which longitudes were measured. Another system had a meridian passing through or near the
island
  of Ferro, defined as 20 W. of Paris, as the standard. While the system of counting from the
capital
  of the country is still used for local purposes, the tendency in
recent
  years is to use the meridian of Greenwich for nautical and international purposes. France, however, uses the meridian of the Paris
observatory
  as its standard for all nautical and astronomical purposes (see TIME). In astronomy, the longitude of a
celestial
 
body
  is the distance of its projection upon the ecliptic from the vernal
equinox
 , counted in the direction west to
east
  from o to 36o.


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