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Encyclopedia Britannica



LOGAN, JOHN ALEXANDER (1826-1886)

This article appears in Volume V16, Page 867 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LOB-LUP
LOGAN, JOHN ALEXANDER (1826-1886) , American soldier and political leader, was born in what is now Murphysborough, Jackson county, Illinois, on the 9th of February 1826. He had no schooling until he was fourteen; he then studied for three years in Shiloh College, served in the Mexican War as a lieutenant of volunteers, studied law in the office of an uncle, graduated from the Law Department of Louisville University in 1851, and practised law with success. He entered politics as a Douglas Democrat, was elected county clerk in 1849, served in the State
House
  of Representatives in 18531854 and in 1857, and for a time, during the interval, was prosecuting attorney of the Third Judicial District of Illinois. In 1858 and 1860 he was elected as a Democrat to the National
House
  of Representatives. Though unattached and unenlisted, he fought at Bull Run, and
then returned to Washington, resigned his seat, and entered 1 is now regarded as a
mineral
  structure. Logan was elected the Union army as colonel of the 31st Illinois Volunteers, which
he organized. He was regarded as one of the ablest officers who entered the army from civil life. In Grant's campaigns terminating in the capture of Vicksburg, which city Logan's division was the first to enter and of which he was military
governor
 , he rose to the rank of major-general of volunteers; in November 1863 he succeeded Sherman in command of the XV. Army Corps; and after the death of McPherson he was in command of the Army of the Tennessee at the battle of Atlanta. When the war closed, Logan resumed his political career as a Republican, and was a member of the National House of Representatives from 1867 to 1871, and of the United States Senate from 1871 until 1877 and again from 1879 until his death, which took place at Washington, D.C., on the 26th of December 1886. He was always a violent partisan, and was identified with the radical wing of the Republican party. In 1868 he was one of the managers in the
impeachment
  of President Johnson. His war record and his great personal following, especially in the Grand Army of the Republic, contributed to his nomination for Vice-President in 1884 on the ticket with James G. Blaine, but he was not elected. His impetuous oratory, popular on the platform, was less adapted to the halls of legislation. He was
commander
 -in-
chief
  of the Grand Army of the Republic from 1868 to 1871, and in this position success-fully urged the observance of Memorial or Decoration Day, an idea which probably originated with him. He was the author of The Great Conspiracy: Its Origin and History (1886), a partisan account of the Civil War, and of The Volunteer Soldier of America (1887). There is a fine statue of him by St Gaudens in Chicago.
The best biography is that by George F.
Dawson
 , The Life and Services of Gen. John A. Logan, as Soldier and Statesman (Chicago and New
York
 , 1887).


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