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Encyclopedia Britannica



LIVERPOOL, EARLS

This article appears in Volume V16, Page 804 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LEO-LOB
LIVERPOOL, EARLS OFLIVERPOOL
Powers 76481783 (1785). His Coins of the Realm was reprinted by the Bank of England in 1880.
His son, ROBERT BANKS JENKINSON, 2nd
earl
  (1770-1828), was educated at Charterhouse and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he had George Canning; afterwards his close political associate, for a contemporary. In 1790 he entered parliament as member for Appleby; he became master of the mint in 1799 and foreign secretary in Addington's administration in 1801, when he conducted the negotiations for the abortive treaty of Amiens. On the accession of Pitt to power in 1804, he obtained the home office, having in the previous year been elevated as Baron Hawkesbury to the
House
  of Lords, where he acted as leader of the government. He declined the premiership on the death of Pitt in 18o6, and remained out of office until
Portland
  became prime minister in 1807, when he again became secretary of state for home affairs. In 18o8 he succeeded his father as
earl
  of Liverpool. In the ministry of
Spencer
  Perceval (18091812) he was secretary for war and the colonies. After the assassination of Perceval in May 1812 he became prime minister, and retained office till compelled in February 1827 to resign by the illness (paralysis) which terminated his life on the 4th of December 1828.
The political career of the 2nd Lord Liverpool was of a negative character so far as legislation was concerned; but he held office in years of great danger and depression, during which he " kept order among his colleagues, composed their quarrels, and oiled the wheels to make it possible for the machinery of government to
work
 " (
Spencer
  Walpole). The energy of Castlereagh and Canning secured the success of the foreign policy of his cabinet, but in his home policy he was always
retrograde
 . The introduction of the bill of pains and penalties against Queen Caroline greatly increased his unpopularity, originated by the severe
measures
  of repression employed to quell the general distress, which had been created by the excessive taxation which followed the Napoleonic wars. Lord Liverpool was destitute of wide sympathies and of true political insight, and his resignation of office was followed almost immediately by the complete and permanent reversal of his domestic policy. He was twice married but had no children, and he was succeeded by his half-brother CHARLES CECIL COPE JENKINSON, 3rd earl (17841851), who left three daughters. The baronetcy then passed to a
cousin
 , and the peerage became extinct. But in 1905 the earldom was revived in the person of the 3rd earl's grandson, CECIL GEORGE SABILE FOLJAMBE (1846-1907), who had been a Liberal member of parliament from 188o to 1892, and in 1893 was created Baron Hawkesbury. He was succeeded in 1907 by his son, Arthur (b.187o).
For the life of the 2nd earl see the anonymous Memoirs of the Public Life and Administration of Liverpool (1827); C. D. Yonge, Life and Administration of the 2nd Earl of Liverpool (1868) ; T. E. Kebbel, History of Toryism (1886) ; and Sir S. Walpole, History of England, vol. ii. (1890).


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