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Encyclopedia Britannica



LITTER (through O. Fr. litere or litiere, mod. litiere from Med. Lat. lectaria, classical lectica, lectus, bed, couch)

This article appears in Volume V16, Page 792 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LEO-LOB
LITTER (through O. Fr. litere or litiere, mod. litiere from Med. Lat. lectaria, classical lectica, lectus, bed, couch) , a word used of a portable couch, shut in by curtains and borne on poles by bearers, and of a bed of straw or other suitable substance for animals; hence applied to the number of
young
  produced by an animal at one
birth
 , and also to any disordered heap of
waste
  material, rubbish, &c. In ancient
Greece
 , prior to the influence of Asiatic luxury after the Macedonian conquest, the litter (gope.ov) was only used by invalids or by women. The Romans, when the lectica was introduced, probably about the latter half of the 2nd century B.C. (Gellius x. 3), used it only for travelling purposes. Like the Greek or Asiatic litter, it had a roof of skin (pellis) and side curtains (vela, plagae). Juvenal (iv. 2o) speaks of transparent sides (latis specularibus). The slaves who bore the litter on their shoulders (succollare) were termed lecticarii, and it was a sign of luxury and wealth to employ six or even eight bearers. Under the Empire the litter began to be used in the streets of Rome, and .its use was restricted and granted as a privilege (
Suet
 .
Claudius
 ). The travelling lectica must be distinguished from the much earlier lectica funebris or feretrunz, the funeral bier on which the dead were carried to their burial-place.


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