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Encyclopedia Britannica



LEWES

This article appears in Volume V16, Page 522 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LEO-LOB
LEWES , a town in Sussex county,
Delaware
 , U.S.A., in the S.E. part of the state, on
Delaware
  Bay. Pop. (1g1o), 2158. Lewes is served by the Philadelphia,
Baltimore
  & Washington (
Pennsylvania
  System), and the
Maryland
 , Delaware & Virginia railways. Its harbour is formed by the Delaware Breakwater, built by the national government and completed in 1869, and 2 r-r m. above it another breakwater was completed in December Igor by the government. The
cove
  between them forms a harbour of
refuge
  of about 55o acres. At the mouth of Delaware Bay, about 2 m. below Lewes, is the Henlopen Light, one of the oldest lighthouses in America. The Delaware Bay pilots make their headquarters at Lewes. Lewes has a large trade with northern cities in fruits and vegetables, and is a subport of entry of the Wilmington Customs
District
 . The first
settlement
  on Delaware soil by Europeans was made near here in 1631 by Dutch colonists, sent by a company organized in Holland in the previous year by Samuel Blommaert, Killian van Rensselaer, David Pieterszen de Vries and others. The settlers called the place Zwaanendael, valley of swans. The
settlement
  was soon entirely destroyed by the Indians, and a second
body
  of settlers whom de Vries, who had been made director of the colony, brought in 1632 remained for only two years. The fact of the settlement is important; because of it the English did not unite the Delaware country with
Maryland
 , for the Maryland Charter of 1632 restricted colonization to land within the prescribed boundaries, uncultivated and either uninhabited or inhabited only by Indians. In 1658 the Dutch established an Indian trading post, and in 1659 erected a fort at Zwaanendael. After the annexation of the Delaware counties to
Pennsylvania
  in 1682, its name was changed to Lewes, after the town of that name in Sussex, England. It was pillaged by French pirates in 1698. One of the last naval battles of the War of Independence was fought in the bay near Lewes on the 8th of April 1782, when the American privateer " Hyder Ally " (16), commanded by Captain Joshua Barnes (1759-1818), defeated and captured the British sloop " General Monk " (20), which had been an American privateer, the " General Washington," had been captured by Admiral Arbuthnot's
squadron
  in 178o, and was now purchased by the United States government and, as the " General Washington," was commanded by Captain Barnes in 1782-1784. In March 1813 the town was bombarded by a British frigate.
See the " History of Lewes " in the Papers of the Historical Society of Delaware, No. xxxviii. (Wilmington, 1903); and J. T. Scharf, History of Delaware (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1888).


End of Article: LEWES


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