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Encyclopedia Britannica



LEVEE (from Fr. lever, to raise)

This article appears in Volume V16, Page 505 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LEO-LOB
LEVEE (from Fr. lever, to raise) , an
embankment
  which keeps a river in its channel. A river such as the
Mississippi
  (q.v.), draining a large area, carries a
great
  amount of sediment from its swifter head-streams to the
lower
  ground. As soon as a stream's velocity is checked, it drops a portion of its load of sediment and spreads an alluvial fan in the
lower
 
part
  of its course. This deposition of material takes place particularly at the sides of the stream where the velocity is least, and the banks are in consequence raised above the
main
  channel, so that the river becomes lifted bodily upwards in its bed, and flows above the level of the surrounding country. In flood-time the muddy water flows over the river's banks, where its velocity is at once checked as it flows gently down the outer side, causing more material to be deposited there, and a
long
  alluvial
ridge
 , called a natural levee, to be built up on either side of the stream. These ridges may be wide or narrow, but they slope from the stream's outer banks to the plain below, and in consequence require careful watching, for if the levee is broken by a " crevasse," the whole
body
  of the river may pour through and flood the country below. In 1890 the
Mississippi
  near New Orleans broke through the Nita crevasse and flowed eastward with a current of 15 M. an hour, spreading destruction in its path. The Hwang-ho river in
China
  is peculiarly liable to these inundations. The word levee is also sometimes used to denote a riverside quay or landing-place.


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