LELEGES

This article appears in Volume V16, Page 407 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LAP-LEO

LELEGES , the name applied by Greek writers to an early people or peoples of which traces were believed to remain in Greek lands.
r. In Asia Minor.In Homer the I.eleges are allies of the Trojans, but they do not occur in the formal catalogue in Iliad,
a The number of women attending the university as students in any semester is limited by the founding grant to 500.
3 President Jordan was born in 1851 at Gainesville, New

York

; was educated at Cornell, where he taught botany fora time; be, came an- assistant to the United States fish commission in 1872; in 18851891 was president of the university of Indiana, where from 1879 he had been professor of

zoology

ZOOLOGY (from Gr. Nov, a living thing, and ?byos, theory)

; and in 1891 was elected president of

Leland

Stanford Jr. University. An eminent ichthyologist, he wrote, with Barton Warren Evermann (b. 1853), of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, Fishes of North and Middle America (4 vols., 18961900), and Food and Game Fishes of North America (1902); and prepared A Guide to the Study of Fishes (1905).
bk. ii., and their habitat is not specified. They are distinguished from the Carians, with whom some later writers confused them; they have a king. Altes, and a town Pedasus which was sacked by Achilles. The name Pedasus occurs (i.) near Cyzicus, (ii.) in the Troad on the Satnioeis river, (iii.) in

Caria

CARIA

, as well as (iv.) in Messenia. Alcaeus (7th6th centuries B.C.) calls Antandrus in the Troad Lelegian, but Herodotus (5th century) substitutes Pelasgian (q.v.). Gargara in the Troad also counted as Lelegian. Pherecydes (5th century) attributed to Leleges the coast land of

Caria

CARIA

from Ephesus to

Phocaea

PHOCAEA (mod. Fukia or Fokha)

, with the islands of Samos and Chios, placing the " true Carians " farther south from Ephesus to Miletus. If this statement be from Pherecydes of Leros (c. 48o) it has great weight. In the 4th century, how-ever, Philippus of Theangela in south Caria describes Leleges still surviving as serfs of the true Carians, and Strabo, in the 1st century B.C., attributes to the Leleges a well-marked group of deserted forts, tombs and dwellings which ranged (and can still be traced) from the neighbourhood of Theangela and

Halicarnassus

HALICARNASSUS (mod. Budrum)

as far north as Miletus, the southern limit of the " true Carians " of Pherecydes. Plutarch also implies the historic existence of Lelegian serfs at Tralles in the interior.
2. In Greece and the Aegean.A single passage in the Hesiodic catalogue (fr. 136 Kinkel) places Leleges " in Deucalion's time," i.e. as a primitive people, in Locris in central Greece. Not until the 4th century B.C. does any other writer place them anywhere west of the Aegean. But the confusion of the Leleges with the Carians (immigrant conquerors akin to Lydians and Mysians, and probably to Phrygians) which first appears in a Cretan legend (quoted by Herodotus, but repudiated, as he says, by the Carians themselves) and is repeated by Callisthenes, Apollodorus and other later writers, led easily to the suggestion of Callisthenes, that Leleges joined the Carians in their (half legendary) raids on the coasts of Greece. Meanwhile other writers from the 4th century onwards claimed to discover them in Boeotia, west Acarnania (Leucas), and later again in Thessaly, Euboea, Megara, Lacedaemon and Messenia. In 1\Iessenia they were reputed immigrant founders of Pylos, and were connected with the seafaring Taphians and Teleboans of Homer, and distinguished from the Pelasgians; in Lacedaemon and in Leucas they were believed to be aboriginal. These European Leleges must be interpreted in connexion with the recurrence of place names like Pedasus, Physcus, Larymna and Abae, (a) in, Caria, and (b) in the " Lelegian " parts of Greece; perhaps this is the result of some early migration; perhaps it is also the cause of these Lelegian theories.
Modern speculations (mainly corollaries of Indo-Germanic theory) add little of value to the Greek accounts quoted above. H. Kiepert (" Uber den Volksstamm der Leleges," in Monatsber. Berl. Akad., 1861, p. 114) makes the Leleges an aboriginal people akin to Albanians and Illyrians; K. W. Deimling, Die Leleger (

Leipzig

LEIPZIG

, 1862), starts them in south-west Asia Minor, and brings them thence to Greece (practically the Greek view) ; G. F. Unger, " Hellas in Thessalien," in Philologus, Suppl. ii. (1863), makes them Phoenician, and derives their name from aaXagew (cf. the names ,36.0apos,Wdische). E. Curtius (History of Greece, i.) distinguished a " Lelegian " phase of nascent Aegean culture. Most later writers follow Deimling. For Strabo's " Lelegian " monuments, cf. Paton and Myres, Journal of Hellenic Studies, xvi. 188-27o. (J. L. M.)

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