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Encyclopedia Britannica



LAWES, SIR JOHN BENNET, BART

This article appears in Volume V16, Page 300 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: LAP-LEO
LAWES, SIR JOHN BENNET, BART . (1814-1900), English agriculturist, was born at Rothamsted on the 28th of December 1814. Even before leaving Oxford, where he matriculated in 1832, he had begun to
interest
  himself in growing various medicinal plants on the Rothamsted estates, which he inherited on his father's death in 1822. About 1837 he began to experiment on the effects of various manures on plants growing in pots, and a year or two later the experiments were extended to crops in the field. One immediate consequence was that in 1842 he patented a manure formed by treating phosphates with sulphuric acid, and thus initiated the artificial manure industry. In the succeeding year he enlisted the services of Sir J. H. Gilbert, with whom he carried on for more than half a century those experiments in raising crops and feeding animals which have rendered Rothamsted famous in the eyes of scientific agriculturists all over the world (see AGRICULTURE). In 1854 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, which in 1867 bestowed a Royal medal on
Lawes
  and Gilbert jointly, and in 1882 he was created a
baronet
 . In the year before his death,which happened on the 31St of August Igoo, he took
measures
  to ensure the continued existence of the Rothamsted experimental farm by setting aside Ioo,000 for that purpose and constituting the
Lawes
  Agricultural Trust, composed of four members from the Royal Society, two from the Royal Agri-cultural Society, one each from the Chemical and Linnaean Societies, and the owner of Rothamsted
mansion
 -
house
  for the time being.


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