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Encyclopedia Britannica



LAODICEA, SYNOD OF

This article appears in Volume V16, Page 189 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KRO-LAP
LAODICEA, SYNOD OF , held at
Laodicea
  ad Lycum in Phrygia, some time between 343 and 381 (so Hefele; but Baronius argues for 314, and others for a date as
late
  as 399), adopted sixty canons, chiefly disciplinary, which were declared ecumenical by the council of Chalcedon, 451. The most significant canons are those directly affecting the clergy, wherein the clergy appear as a privileged class, far above the laity, but with sharply differentiated and carefully graded orders within itself. For example, the priests are not to be chosen by the people; penitents are not to be present at ordinations (lest they should hear the failings of candidates discussed); bishops are to be appointed by the
metropolitan
  and his suffragan; sub-deacons may not distribute the elements of the Eucharist; clerics are forbidden to leave a diocese without the
bishop
 's permission. Other canons treat of intercourse with heretics, admission of penitent heretics,
baptism
 , fasts, Lent,
angel
 -
worship
  (for-bidden as idolatrous) and the canonical books, from which the Apocrypha and
Revelation
  are wanting.
See Mansi ii. 563-614; Hardouin i. 777-792; Hefele, 2nd ed., i. 746-777 (Eng. trans. ii. 295-325). (T. F. C.)


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