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Encyclopedia Britannica



LANDWEHR

This article appears in Volume V16, Page 168 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KRO-LAP
LANDWEHR , a
German
  word meaning " defence of the country "; but the
term
  as applied to an insurrectional militia is very ancient, and " lantveri " are mentioned in Baluzii Capitularia, as quoted in Hallam's Middle Ages, i. 262, loth ed. The landwehr in
Prussia
  was first formed by a royal edict of the 17th of
March
  1813, which called up all men capable of bearing arms between the ages of eighteen and
forty
 -five, and not serving in the
regular
  army, for the defence of the country. After the peace of 1815 this force was made an integral
part
  of the Prussian army, each brigade being composed of one line and one landwehr
regiment
 . This, however, retarded the mobilization and diminished the value of the first line, and by the re-organization of 1859 the landwehr troops were relegated to the second line. In
Austria
  the landwehr is a totally different organization. It is in reality a cadre force existing alongside the regular army, and to it are handed over such recruits as, for want of vacancies, cannot be placed in the latter. In Switzer-
land
  the landwehr is a second line force, in which all citizens serve for twelve years, after passing twelve in the " Auszug " or field army.


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