LALANDE, JOSEPH JEROME LEFRANCAIS DE (1732-1807)

This article appears in Volume V16, Page 95 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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LALANDE, JOSEPH JEROME LEFRANCAIS DE (1732-1807) ,
French astronomer, was born at Bourg (department of Ain), on the 11th of July 1732. His parents sent him to Paris to study law; but the accident of lodging in the Hotel Cluny, where J. N. Delisle had his observatory, drew him to astronomy, and he became the zealous and favoured pupil of both Delisle and Pierre Lemonnier. He, however, completed his legal studies, and was about to return to Bourg to practise there as an advocate, when Lemonnier obtained permission to send him to Berlin, to make observations on the lunar

parallax

PARALLAX (Gr. aapa?X6, alternately)

in concert with those of N. L. Lacaille at the Cape of Good Hope. The successful execution of his task procured for him, before he was twenty-one, admission to the

Academy

ACADEMY, GREEK
ACADEMY, ROYAL

of Berlin, and the post of adjunct astronomer to that of Paris. He now devoted himself to the improvement of the planetary theory, publishing in 1759 a corrected edition of Halley's tables, with a history of the celebrated comet whose return in that year he had aided Clairault to calculate. In 1762 J. N. Delisle resigned in his favour the chair of astronomy in the College de France, the duties of which were discharged by Lalande for

forty

FORTY

-six years. His

house

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

became an astronomical

seminary

SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

, and amongst his pupils were J. B. J.

Delambre

DELAMBRE, JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH (1749-1822)

, G. Piazzi, P. Mechain, and his own nephew Michel Lalande. By his publications in connexion with the transit of 1769 he won

great

GREAT

and, in a measure, deserved fame. But his love of notoriety and impetuous temper compromised the respect due to his scientific zeal, though these faults were partially balanced by his generosity and benevolence.
He died on the 4th of April 1807.
Although his investigations were conducted with

diligence

DILIGENCE

rather than genius, the career of Lalande must be regarded as of eminent service to astronomy. As a lecturer and writer he gave to the science unexampled popularity; his planetary tables, into which he introduced corrections for mutual perturbations, were the best available up to the end of the 18th century; and the Lalande prize, instituted by him in 1802 for the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

astronomical performance of each year, still testifies to his enthusiasm for his favourite pursuit. Amongst his voluminous works are Traile d'astronomie (2 vols., 1764; enlarged edition, 4 vols., 17711781; 3rd ed., 3 vols., 1792) ; Histoire celeste francaise (18o1), giving the places of 50,000 stars; Bibliographie astronomique (1803), with a history of astronomy from 1781 to 1802 ; Astronomie des dames (1785) ; Abrege de navigation (1793) ; Voyage d'un francois en Italie (1769), a valuable record of his travels in 17651766. He communicated above one hundred and fifty papers to the Paris

Academy

ACADEMY, GREEK
ACADEMY, ROYAL

of Sciences, edited the Connoissance des temps (17591774), and again (17941807), and wrote the concluding 2 vols. of the 2nd edition of Montucla's Histoire des mathematiques (1802).
See Rlemoires de l'Institut, t. viii. (1807) (J. B. J.

Delambre

DELAMBRE, JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH (1749-1822)

) ; Delambre, Hist. de l' astr. an X VIII' siecle, p.547; Magazin encyclopidique, ii. 288 (181o) (Mme de Salm) ; J. S. Bailly, Hist. de l' astr. moderne, t. iii. (ed. 1785) ; J. Madler, Geschichte der Himmelskunde, ii. 141; R. Wolf, Gesch. der Astronomie; J. J. Lalande, Bibl. astr. p. 428; J. C. Poggendorff, Biog. Lit. Handworterbuch; M. Marie, Hist. des sciences, ix. 35.

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