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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KRO-LAP |
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LAHORE , an ancient city of British India, the capital of the Punjab, which gives its name to a district and division. It lies in 31 35' N. and 74 20' E. near the left bank of the River Ravi, 1706 ft. above the sea, and 1252 M. by rail from Calcutta. It is thus in about the same latitude
bright . The native city is walled, about ri m. in length W. to E. and about a m. in breadth N. to S. Its site has been occupied from early times, and much of it stands high above the level of the surrounding country, raised on the remains of a succession of former habitations. Some old buildings, which have been preserved, stand now below the present surface of the ground. This is well seen in the mosque now called Masjid Niwin (or sunken) built in 156o, the mosque of Mullah Rahmat, 7 ft. below, and the Shivali, a very old Hindu temple, about 12 ft. below the surrounding ground. Hindu tradition traces the origin of Lahore to Loh or Lava, son of Rama, the hero of the Ramayana. The absence of mention of Lahore by Alexander's historians, and the fact that coins of the Graeco-Bactrian kings are not found among the ruins, lead to the belief that it was not a place of any importance during the earliest period of Indian history. On the other hand, Hsiian Tsang, the Chinese Buddhist, notices the city in his Itinerary (A.D. 63o); and it seems probable, therefore, thatLahore first rose into prominence between the 1st and 7th centuries A.D. Governed originally by a family of Chauhan Rajputs, a branch of the house of Ajmere, Lahore fell successively under the dominion of the Ghazni and Ghori sultans, who made it the capital of their Indian conquests, and adorned it with numerous buildings, almost all now in ruins. But it was under the Mogul empire that Lahore reached its greatest size and magnificence., The reigns of Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb form the golden period in the annals and architecture of the city. Akbar enlarged and repaired the fort, and surrounded the town with a wall
The architecture of Lahore cannot compare with that of Delhi. Jahangir in 16221627 erected the Khwabgah or " sleeping-place," a fine palace much defaced by the Sikhs but to some extent restored in modern times; the Moti Masjid or " pearl mosque " in the fort, used by Ranjit Singh and afterwards by the British as a treasure-house; and also the tomb of Anarkali, used formerly as the station church and now as a library. Shah Jahan erected a palace and other buildings near the Khwabgah, including the beautiful pavilion called the Naulakha from its cost of nine lakhs, which was inlaid with precious stones. The mosque of Wazir Khan (1634) provides the finest example of kashi or encaustic tile work. Aurangzeb's Jama Masjid, or " great mosque," is a huge bare building, stiff in design, and lacking the detailed ornament typical of buildings at Delhi. The buildings of Ranjit Singh, especially his mausoleum, are common and meretricious in style. He was, moreover, responsible for much of the despoiling of the earlier buildings. The streets of the native city are narrow and tortuous, and are best seen from the back of an elephant. Two of the chief
The modern city of Lahore, which contained a population of 202,964 in 1901, may be divided into four parts: the native city, already described; the civil station or European quarter, known as Donald Town; the Anarkali bazaar, a suburb S. of the city wall
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college, the Aitchison Chiefs' College for the sons of native noblemen, and a number of other high schools and technical and special schools. The DISTRICT OF LAHORE has an area of 3704 sq. m., and its population in Igor was 1,162,109, consisting chiefly of Punjabi Mahommedans with a large admixture of Hindus and Sikhs. In the north-west the district includes a large part of the barren Rechna Doab, while south of the Ravi is a desolate alluvial tract, liable to floods. The Manjha plateau, however, between the Ravi and the Beas, has been rendered fertile by the Bari Doab canal. The principal crops are wheat, pulse, millets, maize, oil-seeds and cotton
The DIvISIoN OF LAHORE extends along the right bank of the Sutlej from the Himalayas to Multan. It comprises the six districts of Sialkot, Gujranwala, Montgomery, Lahore, Amritsar and Gurdaspur
. LA HOZ Y MOTA, JUAN CLAUDIO DE (163o?-171o?), Spanish dramatist, was born in Madrid. He became a knight of Santiago in 1653, and soon afterwards succeeded his father as regidor of Burgos. In 1665 he was nominated to an important post at the Treasury, and in his later years acted as official censor of the Madrid theatres. On the 13th of August 1709 he signed his play entitled Josef, salvador de Egipto, and is presumed to have died in the following year. Hoz is not remark-able for originality of conception, but his recasts of plays by earlier writers are distinguished by an adroitness which accounts for the esteem 'in which he was held by his contemporaries. El Montanus Juan Pascal and El castigo de la miseria, reprinted in the Biblioteca de Autores Espanoles, give a just idea of his adaptable talent.End of Article: LAHORE If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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