LAGARDE, PAUL ANTON DE (18271891)

This article appears in Volume V16, Page 72 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KRO-LAP

LAGARDE, PAUL ANTON DE (18271891) , German biblical scholar and orientalist, was born at Berlin on the 2nd of November 1827. His real name was Botticher, Lagarde being his

mother

MOTHER

's name. At Berlin (18441846) and

Halle

(18461847) he studied theology, philosophy and oriental languages. In 1852 his studies took him to London and Paris. In 1854 he became a teacher at a Berlin public school, but this did not interrupt his biblical studies. He edited the Didascalia apostolorum syriace (1854), and other Syriac texts collected in the British Museum and in Paris. In 1866 he received three years' leave of absence to collect fresh materials, and in 1869 succeeded Heinrich Ewald as professor of oriental languages at Gottingen. Like Ewald, Lagarde was an active worker in a variety of subjects and languages; but his

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

aim, the elucidation of the Bible, was almost always kept in view. He edited the Aramaic

translation

TRANSLATION

(known as the

Targum

TARGUM

) of the Prophets according to the Codex Reuchlinianus preserved at Carlsruhe, Prophetae chaldaice (1872), the Hagiographa chaldaice (1874), an Arabic

translation

TRANSLATION

of the Gospels, Die vier Evangelien, arabisch aus der Wiener Handschrift herausgegeben (1864), a Syriac translation of the Old Testament Apocrypha, Libri V. T. apocryphi syriace (1861), a Coptic translation of the Pentateuch, Der Pentateuch koptisch (1867), and a part of the Lucianic text of the

Septuagint

SEPTUAGINT, THE (Gr. of 0', Lat. LXX.)

, which he was able to reconstruct from manuscripts for nearly half the Old Testament. He devoted himself ardently to oriental scholarship, and published Zur Urgeschichte der Armenier (18J4) and Armenische Studien (1877). He was also a student of Persian, publishing Isaias persice (1883) and Persische Studien (1884). He followed up his Coptic studies with Aegyptiaca (1883), and published many

minor

contributions to the study of oriental languages in Gesammelte Abhandlungen (1866), Symmicta (i. 1877, id. 188o), Semitica (i. 1878, ii. 1879), Orientalia (1879I88o) and Mittheilungen (1884). Mention should also be made of the valuable Onomastica sacra (187o; 2nd ed., 1887). Lagarde also took some part in politics. He belonged to the Prussian Conservative party, and was a violent

anti

ANTI, or CAMPA

-Semite. The bitterness which he felt appeared in his writings. He died at Gottingen on the 22nd of December 1891.
See the article in

Herzog

HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
HERZOG, JOHANN
JAKOB
- JAKOB, LUDWIG HEINRICH VON (1759—1827)
(1805-1882)

-Hauck, Realencyklopadie; and cf. Anna de Lagarde, Paul de Lagarde (1894).

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