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Encyclopedia Britannica



KUNDT, AUGUST ADOLPH EDUARD EBERHARD (1839-1894)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 946 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KRO-LAP
KUNDT, AUGUST ADOLPH EDUARD EBERHARD (1839-1894) , German physicist, was born at Schwerin in Mecklenburg on the 18-th of November 1839. He began his scientific studies at
Leipzig
 , but afterwards went to Berlin. At first he devoted himself to astronomy, but coming under the influence of H. G.
Magnus
 , he turned his attention to physics, and graduated in 1864 with a thesis on the depolarization of light. In 1867 he became privatdozent in Berlin University, and in the following year was chosen professor of physics at the Zurich
Polytechnic
 ; then, after a year or two at Wiirzburg,he was called in 1872 to Strassburg, where he took a
great
 
part
  in the organization of the new university, and was largely concerned in the erection of the
Physical
  Institute. Finally in 1888 he went to Berlin as successor to H. von Helmholtz in the chair of experimental physics and directorship of the Berlin
Physical
  Institute. He died after a protracted illness at Israelsdorf, near
Lubeck
 , on the 21st of May 1894. As an
original
  worker
Kundt
  was especially successful in the domains of
sound
  and light. In the former he developed a valuable method for the investigation of aerial waves within pipes, based on the fact that a finely divided powderlycopodium, for examplewhen dusted over the interior of a tube in which is established a vibrating column of air, tends to collect in heaps at the nodes, the distance between which can thus be ascertained. An extension of the method renders possible the determination of the velocity of
sound
  in different gases. In light
Kundt
 's name is widely known for his inquiries in anomalous dispersion, not only in liquids and vapours, but even in metals, which he obtained in very thin films by means of a laborious process of electrolytic deposition upon platinized glass. He also carried out many experiments in magneto-optics, and succeeded in showing, what Faraday had failed to detect, the rotation under the influence of magnetic force of the plane of polarization in certain gases and vapours.


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