KUNDT, AUGUST ADOLPH EDUARD EBERHARD (1839-1894)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 946 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KRO-LAP

KUNDT, AUGUST ADOLPH EDUARD EBERHARD (1839-1894) , German physicist, was born at Schwerin in Mecklenburg on the 18-th of November 1839. He began his scientific studies at

Leipzig

LEIPZIG

, but afterwards went to Berlin. At first he devoted himself to astronomy, but coming under the influence of H. G.

Magnus

MAGNUS, HEINRICH GUSTAV (1802-1870)

, he turned his attention to physics, and graduated in 1864 with a thesis on the depolarization of light. In 1867 he became privatdozent in Berlin University, and in the following year was chosen professor of physics at the Zurich

Polytechnic

POLYTECHNIC (Gr. aroWus, many, and rEXvn, an art)

; then, after a year or two at Wiirzburg,he was called in 1872 to Strassburg, where he took a

great

GREAT

part

PART

in the organization of the new university, and was largely concerned in the erection of the

Physical

PHYSICAL

Institute. Finally in 1888 he went to Berlin as successor to H. von Helmholtz in the chair of experimental physics and directorship of the Berlin

Physical

PHYSICAL

Institute. He died after a protracted illness at Israelsdorf, near

Lubeck

LUBECK

, on the 21st of May 1894. As an

original

ORIGINAL

worker

Kundt

KUNDT, AUGUST ADOLPH EDUARD EBERHARD (1839-1894)

was especially successful in the domains of

sound

SOUND
SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

and light. In the former he developed a valuable method for the investigation of aerial waves within pipes, based on the fact that a finely divided powderlycopodium, for examplewhen dusted over the interior of a tube in which is established a vibrating column of air, tends to collect in heaps at the nodes, the distance between which can thus be ascertained. An extension of the method renders possible the determination of the velocity of

sound

SOUND
SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

in different gases. In light

Kundt

KUNDT, AUGUST ADOLPH EDUARD EBERHARD (1839-1894)

's name is widely known for his inquiries in anomalous dispersion, not only in liquids and vapours, but even in metals, which he obtained in very thin films by means of a laborious process of electrolytic deposition upon platinized glass. He also carried out many experiments in magneto-optics, and succeeded in showing, what Faraday had failed to detect, the rotation under the influence of magnetic force of the plane of polarization in certain gases and vapours.

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