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Encyclopedia Britannica



KRUSENSTERN, ADAM IVAN (1770-1846)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 934 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KRO-LAP
KRUSENSTERN, ADAM IVAN (1770-1846) , Russian navigator, hydrographer and admiral, was born at Haggud in Esthonia on the 19th of November 1770. In 1785 he entered the corps of naval cadets, after leaving which, in 1788, with the grade of midshipman, he served in the war against Sweden. Having been appointed to serve in the British
fleet
  for several years (17931799), he visited America, India and China. After publishing a
paper
  pointing out the advantages of direct communication between Russia and China by Cape Horn and the Cape of Good
Hope
 , he was appointed by the emperor Alexander I. to make a voyage to the
east
 
coast
  of
Asia
  to endeavour to carry out the project. Two English ships were bought, in which the expedition left Kronstadt in August 1803 and proceeded by Cape Horn and the Sandwich Islands to Kamchatka, and thence to Japan. Returning to Europe by the Cape of Good
Hope
 , after an extended
series
  of explorations, Krusenstern reached Kronstadt in August 18o6, his being the first Russian expedition to circumnavigate the world. The emperor conferred several honours upon him, and he ultimately became admiral. As director of the Russian naval school Krusenstern did muchuseful
work
 . He was also a member of the scientific committee of the marine department, and his contrivance for counter-acting the influence of the iron in vessels on the compass was adopted in the navy. He died at
Reval
  on the 24th of August 1846.
Krusenstern's Voyage Round the World in 1803r8o6 was published at St
Petersburg
  in 1810-1814, in 3 vols., with folio atlas of 104 plates and maps (Eng. ed., 2 vols. 1813; French ed., 2 vols., and atlas of 3o plates, 1820). His narrative contains a good many important discoveries and rectifications, especially in the region of Japan, and the contributions made by the various savants were of much scientific importance. A valuable
work
  is his Atlas de l'Ocean Pacifique, with its accompanying Recueil des memoires hydrographiques (St
Petersburg
 , 1824-1827). See Memoir by his daughter, Madame Charlotte Bernhardi, translated by Sir John Ross (1856).


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