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Encyclopedia Britannica



KROCHMAL, NAHMAN (17851840)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 927 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KRO-LAP
KROCHMAL, NAHMAN (17851840) , Jewish scholar, was born at
Brody
  in
Galicia
  in 1785. He was one of the pioneers in the revival of Jewish learning which followed on the age of Moses Mendelssohn. His
chief
 
work
  was the Moreh Nebuche hazeman (" Guide for the Perplexed of the Age "), a title imitated from that of the 12th-century " Guide for the Perplexed " of Maimonides (q.v.). This book was not published till after the author's death, when it was edited by
Zunz
  (1851). The book is a philosophy of Jewish history, and has a
double
  importance. On the one side it was a
critical
  examination of the Rabbinic literature and much influenced subsequent investigators. On the other side,
Krochmal
 , in the words of N. Slouschz, " was the first Jewish scholar who views Judaism, not as a distinct and independent entity, but as a part of the whole of civilization."
Krochmal
 , under Hegelian influences, regarded the nationality of
Israel
  as consisting in its religious genius, its spiritual gifts. Thus Krochmal may be called the originator of the idea of the mission of the Jewish people, " cultural
Zionism
  " as it has more recently been termed. He died at Tarnopol in 1840.
See S. Schechter, Studies in Judaism (1896), pp. 56 seq.; N. Slouschz, Renascence of Hebrew Literature (1909), pp. 63 seq.
(I. A.)


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