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Encyclopedia Britannica



KOVNO

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 922 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KHA-KRI
KOVNO , a town and fortress of Russia,
capital
  of the government of the same name, stands at the confluence of the Niemen with the- Viliya, 550 M. S.W. of St
Petersburg
  by rail, and 55 m. from the Prussian frontier. Pop. (1863), 23,937; (1903), 73,743, nearly one-half being
Jews
 . It consists of a cramped Old Town and a New Town stretching up the side of the Niemen. It is a first-class fortress, being surrounded at a mean distance of 22 M. by a
girdle
  of forts, eleven in number. The town lies for the most part in the
fork
  and is guarded by three forts in the direction of Vilna, one covers the Vilna bridge, while the southern approaches are protected by seven. Kovno commands and bars the railway Vilna-EydYkuhnen. Its factories produce nails, wire-
work
  and other metal goods,
mead
  and bone-
meal
 . It is an important
entrepot
  for timber, cereals, flax, flour, spirits, bone-
meal
 , fish, coal and building-stone passing from and to Prussia. The city possesses some 15th-century churches. It was founded in the 11th century; and from 1384 to 1398 belonged
to the Teutonic Knights. Tsar Alexis of Russia plundered and burnt it in 1655. Here the Russians defeated the Poles on the 26th of June 1831.


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