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Encyclopedia Britannica



KOUMISS

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 920 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KHA-KRI
KOUMISS , milk-wine, or milk
brandy
 , a fermented alcoholic beverage prepared from milk. It is of very ancient origin, and according to
Herodotus
  was known to the Scythians. The name is said to be derived from an ancient Asiatic tribe, the Kumanes or Komans. It is one of the
staple
  articles of
diet
  of the Siberian and Caucasian races, but of
late
  years it has also been manufactured on a considerable scale in western Europe, on
account
  of its valuable medicinal properties. It is generally made from mares' or camels' milk by a process of fermentation set up by the addition to the fresh milk of a small quantity of the finished article. This fermentation, which appears to be of a symbiotic nature, being dependent on the action of two distinct types of organisms, the one a fission fungus, the other a true yeast, eventuates in the conversion of a
part
  of the milk
sugar
  into lactic acid and
alcohol
 . Koumiss generally contains r to 2 % of
alcohol
 , 0.5 to 1.5% of lactic acid, 2 to 4% of milk
sugar
  and 1 to 2% of fat. Kefir is similar to koumiss, but is usually prepared from cows' milk, and the fermentation is brought about by the so-called Kefir Grains (derived from a plant).


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