KONGSBERG

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 893 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KHA-KRI

KONGSBERG , a mining town of Norway in Buskerud amt (county), on the Laagen, 500 ft. above the sea, and 61 m. W.S.W.
893
of Christiania by rail. Pop. (1900), 5585. With the exception

great

GREAT

Jan Chodkiewicz, whom he accompanied on his Muscovite campaigns, and under the equally

great

GREAT

Stanislaus

STANISLAUS

Zolkiewski, whose daughter Catherine he married. On the death of his first wife he wedded, in 1619, Christina Lubomirska. In 1619 he took part in the expedition against the Turks which terminated so disastrously at Cecora, and after a valiant resistance was captured and sent to

Constantinople

CONSTANTINOPLE
CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

, where he remained a close prisoner for three years. On his return he was appointed

commander

COMMANDER

of all the forces of the Republic, and at the head of an army of 25,000 men routed 6o,000

Tatars

TATARS (the common form Tartars is less correct)

at Martynow, following up this success with fresh victories, for which he received the thanks of the diet and the palatinate of Sandomeria from the king. In 1625 he was appointed guardian of the Ukraine against the

Tatars

TATARS (the common form Tartars is less correct)

, but in 1626 was transferred to Prussia to check the victorious advance of Gustavus

Adolphus

ADOLPHUS, JOHN LEYCESTER (1795-1862)

. Swedish historians have too often ignored the fact that Koniecpolski's superior

strategy

STRATEGY

neutralized all the efforts of the Swedish king, whom he defeated again and again, notably at Homerstein (April 1627) and at Trzciand (April 1629). But for the most part the fatal parsimony of his country compelled Koniecpolski to confine himself to the harassing guerrilla warfare in which he was an expert. In 1632 he was appointed to the long vacant post of hetman wielki koronny, or

commander

COMMANDER

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

of Poland, and in that capacity routed the Tatars at Sasowy Rogi (April 1633) and at Paniawce (April and October 1633), and the Turks, with terrific loss, at Abazd Basha. To keep the Cossacks of the Ukraine in order he also built the fortress of Kudak. As one of the largest proprietors in the Ukraine he suffered severely from Cossack depredations and offered many concessions to them. Only after years of conflict, however, did he succeed in reducing these unruly desperadoes to something like obedience. In 1644 he once more routed the Tatars at Ockmatow, and again in 1646 at Brody. This was his last exploit, for he died the same year, to the great grief of Wladislaus IV., who had already concerted with him the plan for a campaign on a grand scale against the Turks, and relied principally upon the Grand Hetman for its success. Though less famous than his contemporaries Zolkiehwski and Chodkiewicz, Koniecpolski was fully their equal as a general, and his inexorable severity made him an ideal lord-marcher.
See an unfinished

biography

BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

in the Tyg. Illus. of Warsaw for 1863; Stanislaw Przylenski, Memorials of the Koniecpolskis (Pol.) (

Lemberg

LEMBERG (Pol. Lwdw, Lat. Leopolis)

, 1842). (R. N. B.)

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