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Encyclopedia Britannica



KOLS

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 891 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KHA-KRI
KOLS , a generic name applied by Hindus to the Munda, Ho and Oraon tribes of
Bengal
 . The Mundas are an aboriginal tribe of Dravidian
physical
  type, inhabiting the Chota Nagpur division, and numbering 438,000 in 1901. The
majority
  of them are animists in religion, but Christianity is making rapid strides among them. The
village
  community in its primitive form still exists among the Mundas; the discontent due to the oppression of their landlords led to the Munda rising of 1899, and to the remedy of the alleged grievances by a new
settlement
  of the
district
 . The Hos, who are closely akin to the Mundas, also inhabit the 'Chota Nagpur division; in 1901 they numbered 386,000. They were formerly a very pugnacious race, who successfully defended their territory against all comers until they were subdued by the British in the early
part
  of the 19th
century
 , being known as the Larka (or fighting) Kols. They are still
great
  sportsmen, using the bow and arrow. Like the Mundas they are animists, but they show little inclination for Christianity. Both Mundas and Hos speak dialects of the obscure linguistic family known as Munda or Kol.
See Imp. Gazetteer of India, vols. xiii., xviii. (
Oxford
 , 1908).


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