KOLOZSVAR (Ger. Klausenburg; Rum. Cluj)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 891 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KHA-KRI

KOLOZSVAR (Ger. Klausenburg; Rum. Cluj) , a town of

Hungary

HUNGARY
HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

, in Transylvania, the

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

of the county of Kolozs, and formerly the

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

of the whole of Transylvania, 248 m. E.S.E. of Budapest by rail. Pop. (1900), 46,670. It is situated in a picturesque valley on the banks of the Little Szamos, and comprises the inner town (formerly surrounded with walls) and five suburbs. The greater part of the town lies on the right bank of the river, while on the other side is the so-called Bridge Suburb and the citadel (erected in 1715). Upon the slopes of the citadel hill there is a gipsy quarter.
With the exception of the old quarter, Kolozsvar is generally well laid out, and contains many broad and fine streets, several of which diverge at right angles from the principal square. In this square is situated the

Gothic

GOTHIC

church of St Michael (13961432); in front is a bronze equestrian statue of King Matthias Corvinus by the Hungarian sculptor Fadrusz (1902). Other noteworthy buildings are the Reformed church, built by Matthias Corvinus in 1486 and ceded to the Calvinists by Bethlen Gabor in 1622; the

house

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

in which Matthias Corvinus was born (1443), which contains an ethnographical museum; the county and town halls, a museum, and the university buildings. A feature of Kolozsvar is the large number of handsome mansions belonging to the Transylvanian nobles, who reside here during the winter. It is the seat of a Unitarian bishop, and of the superintendent of the Calvinists for the Transylvanian circle. Kolozsvar is the literary and scientific centre of Transylvania, and is the seat of numerous literary and scientific associations. It contains a university (founded in 1872), with four facultiestheology, philosophy, law and medicinefrequented by about 190o students in 1905; and amongst its other educational establishments are a seminary for Unitarian priests, an agricultural college, two training schools for teachers, a commercial

academy

ACADEMY, GREEK
ACADEMY, ROYAL

, and several secondary schools for boys and girls. The industry comprises establishments for the manufacture of woollen -and linen cloth,

paper

PAPER
PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

, sugar, candles, soap, earthenwares, as . well as breweries and distilleries.
Kolozsvar is believed to occupy the site of a Roman

settlement

SETTLEMENT
SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

named Napoca. Colonized by

Saxons

SAXONS

in 1178, it then received its German name of Klausenburg, from the old word Klause, signifying a " mountain pass." Between the years 1545 and 1570 large numbers of the Saxon population left the town in con-sequence of the introduction of Unitarian doctrines. In 1798 the town was to a

great

GREAT

extent destroyed by fire. As capital of Transylvania and the seat of the Transylvanian diets, Kolozsvar from 183o to 1848 became the centre of the Hungarian national

movement

MOVEMENT

in the grand principality; and in December 1848 it was taken and garrisoned by the Hungarians under General Bern.

End of Article: KOLOZSVAR (Ger. Klausenburg; Rum. Cluj)

If you wish, you can link directly to this article.

<a href="http://jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia/KHA_KRI/KOLOZSVAR_Ger_Klausenburg_Rum_.html">
KOLOZSVAR (Ger. Klausenburg; Rum. Cluj)
</a>

(Previous)
KOLOMNA

(Next)
KOLPINO

JCSM was founded in 1997 and exists to help the community and bring people into a life-changing and productive relationship with Jesus Christ. JCSM offers over 200,000 free web pages, including its weekly inspirational emails that were sent continuously for over a decade.

Jesus Christ Saves Ministries
P.O. Box 9297
San Diego, CA 92169
1-888-887-0417 or Email