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Encyclopedia Britannica



KOLA

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 887 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KHA-KRI
KOLA , a peninsula of northern Russia, lying between the Arctic Ocean on the N. and the White Sea on the S. It forms part of the region of
Lapland
  and belongs administratively to the government of Archangel. The Arctic
coast
 , known as the Murman
coast
  (Murman being a corruption of Norman), is 26o m.
long
 , and being subject to the influence of the North Atlantic
drift
 , is free from ice all the year round. It is a rocky coast, built of granite, and rising to 65o ft., and is broken by several excellent bays. On one of these, Kola Bay, the Russian government founded in 1895 the naval harbour of
Alexandrovsk
 . From May to August a productive
fishery
  is carried on along this coast. Inland the peninsula rises up to a
plateau
 , loon ft. in general
elevation
 , and crossed by several ranges of low mountains, which go up to over 3000 ft. in altitude. The lower slopes of these mountains are clothed with forest up to 1300 ft., and in places thickly studded with lakes, some of them of very considerable extent, e.g. Imandra, (33o sq. m.), Ump-jaur, Nuortijarvi, Guolle-jaur or Kola Lake, and Lu-jaur. From these issue streams of appreciable magnitude, such as the Tuloma, Voronya, Yovkyok or Yokanka, and Ponoi, all flowing into the Arctic, and the Varsuga and Umba, into the White Sea. The area of the peninsula is estimated at 50,000 sq. m.
See A. 0. Kihlmann and Palmeri, Die Expedition nach der Halbinsel Kola (18871892) (Helsingfors) ; A. 0. Kihlmann, Bericht einer naturwissenschaftlichen Reise durch Russisch-Lappland (Helsingfors, 1890) ; and W. Ramsay, Geologische Beobachtungen auf der Halbinsel Kola (Helsingfors, 1899).


End of Article: KOLA


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