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Encyclopedia Britannica



KOHAT

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 886 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KHA-KRI
KOHAT , a town and
district
  of British India, in the Peshawar division of the North-West Frontier Province. The town is 37 M.
south
  of Peshawar by the Kohat Pass, along which a military road was opened in 1901. The population in 1901 was 30,762, including 12,670 in the cantonment, which is garrisoned by artillery., cavalry and infantry. In the
Tirah
  campaign of 1$9798 Kohat was the starting-point of Sir William Lockhart's expedition against the Orakzais and Afridis. It is the military base for the southern
Afridi
  frontier as Peshawar is for the northern frontier of the same tribe, and it lies in the heart of the Pathan country.
The
DISTRICT
  OF KOHAT has an area of 2973 sq. m. It consists chiefly of a bare and intricate mountain region
east
  of the Indus, deeply scored with river valleys and ravines, but enclosing a few scattered patches of cultivated lowland. The eastern or
Khattak
  country especially comprises a perfect labyrinth of ranges, which fall, however, into two principal groups, to the north and
south
  of the Teri Toi river. The Miranzai valley, in the extreme west, appears by comparison a rich and fertile
tract
 . In its small but carefully tilled glens, the plane, palm, fig and many orchard trees flourish luxuriantly; while a brushwood of wild olive, mimosa and other thorny bushes clothes the rugged ravines upon the upper slopes. Occasional grassy glades upon their sides form favourite pasture grounds for the Waziri tribes. The Teri Toi, rising on the eastern limit of Upper Miranzai, runs due eastward to the Indus, which it joins 12 M. N. of Makhad, dividing the district into two main portions. The drainage from the northern half flows south-ward into the Teri Toi itself, and northward into the parallel stream of the Kohat Toi. That of the southern
tract
  falls north-wards also into the Teri Toi, and southwards towards the Kurram and the Indus. The frontier mountains, continuations of the Safed Koh system, attain in places a considerable
elevation
 , the two principal peaks, Dupa Sir and Mazi Garh, just beyond the British frontier, being 826o and 7940 it. above the sea respectively. The Waziri hills, on the south, extend like a wedge between the boundaries of Bannu and Kohat, with a general
elevation
  of less than 4000 ft. The salt-mines are situated in the low line of hills crossing the valley of the Teri Toi, and extending along both banks of that river. The deposit has a width of a quarter of a mile, with a thickness of I000 ft.; it sometimes forms hills 200 ft. in height, almost entirely composed of solid
rock
 -salt, and may probably rank as one of the largest veins of its kind in the world. The most extensive exposure occurs at Bahadur Khel, on the south bank of the Teri Toi. The annual output is about 16,000 tons, yielding a revenue of 40,000. Petroleum springs exude from a
rock
  at Panoba, 23 M.
east
  of Kohat; and
sulphur
  abounds in the northern range. In Igor the population was 217,865, showing an increase of 11 % in the decade. The frontier tribes on the Kohat border are the Afridis, Orakzais, Zaimukhts and Turis. All these are described under their separate names. A railway runs from Kushalgarh through Kohat to Thal, and the river Indus has been bridged at Kushalgarh.


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