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Encyclopedia Britannica



KNIGGE, ADOLF FRANZ FRIEDRICH, FREIHERR VON (1752-1796)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 850 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KHA-KRI
KNIGGE, ADOLF FRANZ FRIEDRICH, FREIHERR VON (1752-1796) , German author, was born on the family estate of Bredenbeck near Hanover on the 16th of October 1752. After studying law at Gottingen he was attached successively to the courts of Hesse-Cassel and
Weimar
  as
gentleman
 -in-waiting. Retiring from court service in 1777, he lived a private life with his family in Frankfort-on-Main, Hanau,
Heidelberg
  and Hanover until 1791, when he was appointed Oberhauptmann (civil
administrator
 ) in Bremen, where he died on the 6th of May 1796. Knigge, under the name "
Philo
 ," was one of the most active members of the Illuminati, a mutual moral and intellectual improvement society founded by
Adam
  Weishaupt (17481830) at Ingolstadt, and which later became affiliated to the Free-masons. Knigge is known as the author of several novels, among which Der Roman meines Lebens (17811787; new ed., 18o5) and Die Reise with Braunschweig (1792), the latter a rather coarsely comic story, are best remembered. His
chief
  literary achievement was, however, Uher den Umgang mit Menschen (1788), in which he
lays
  down rules to be observed for a peaceful, happy and useful life; it has been often reprinted.
Knigge's Schriften were published in 12 volumes (1804-1806). See K. Goedeke, Adolf, Freiherr von Knigge (1844) ; and H. Klencke, Aus einer
alien
  Kiste (Briefe, Handschriften and Dokumente aus dem Nachlasse Knigges) (1853).


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