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Encyclopedia Britannica



KIERKEGAARD, SOREN AABY (1813-1855)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 788 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KHA-KRI
KIERKEGAARD, SOREN AABY (1813-1855) , Danish philosopher, the seventh child of a Jutland hosier, was born in
Copenhagen
  on the 5th of May 1813. As a boy he was delicate, precocious and morbid in temperament. He studied theology at the university of
Copenhagen
 , where he graduated in 1840 with a treatise On Irony. For two years he travelled in Germany, and in 1842 settled finally in Copenhagen, where he died on the 11th of November 1855. He had lived in studious retirement, subject to
physical
  suffering and mental depression. His first volume, Papers of a Still Living Man (1838), a characterization of Hans Andersen, was a failure, and he was for some time unnoticed. In 1843 he published EutenEller (Eitheror) (4th ed., 1878), the
work
  on which his reputation mainly rests; it is a discussion of the ethical and aesthetic ideas of life. In his last years he carried on a feverish agitation against the theology and practice of the state
church
 , on the ground that religion is for the individual soul, and is to be separated absolutely from the state and the world. In general his philosophy was a reaction against the speculative thinkersSteffens (q.v.), Niels Treschow (1751-1833) and Frederik Christian Sibbern (1785-1872); it was based on the absolute dualism of Faith and Knowledge. His
chief
  follower was Rasmus Nielsen (1809-1884) and he was opposed by Georg Brandes, who wrote a brilliant account of his life and works. As a dialectician he has been described as little inferior to Plato, and his influence on the literature of Denmark is considerable both in style and in matter.
To him
Ibsen
  owed his character Brand in the drama of that name.
See his posthumous autobiographical sketch, Syns punktetfor min Forfattervirksomhed (" Standpoint of my Literary
Work
  ") ; Georg Brandes, Soren
Kierkegaard
  (Copenhagen, 1877) ; A. Barthold, Noten zu K.'s Lebensgeschichte (
Halle
 , 1876), Die Bedeutung der dsthetischen Schriften S. Kierkegaarde (
Halle
 , 1879) and S. K.'s Personlichkeit in ihrer Verwirklichung der Ideate (
Gutersloh
 , 1886) ; F. Petersen, S. K.'s Christendomsforkyndelae (Christiania, 1877). For
Kierkegaard
 's relation to
recent
  Danish thought, see Hoffding's Archiv At' Geschichte der Philosophie (1888), vol. ii.


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