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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KHA-KRI |
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KHOTAN (locally ILcm) , a town and oasis of East
Khotan
Khotan
rice
cotton
oasis contains two small towns, Kara-kash and Yurun-kash, and over 300 villages, its total population being about 150,000.Khotan, known in Sanskrit as Kustana and in Chinese as Yu-than, Yu-tien, Kiu-sa-tan-na, and Khio-tan, is mentioned in Chinese chronicles in the 2nd century B.C. In A.D. 73 it was conquered by the Chinese, and ever since has been generally dependent upon the Chinese empire. During the early centuries of the Christian era, and long before that, it was an important and flourishing place, the capital of a kingdom to which the Chinese sent embassies, and famous for its glass-wares, copper tankards and textiles. About the year A.D. 400 it was a city of some magnificence, and the seat of a flourishing cult of Buddha, with temples rich in paintings and ornaments of the precious metals; but from the 5th century it seems to have declined. In the 8th century it was conquered, after a struggle of 25 years, by the Arab chieftain Kotaiba ibn Moslim, from West Turkestan, who imposed Islam upon the people. In 1220 Khotan was destroyed by the Mongols under Jenghiz Khan . Marco Polo, who passed through the town in 1294, says that " Everything is to be had there at Cotan, i. e. Khotan] in plenty, includingabundance of cotton
East
The KHOTAN-DARYA rises in the Kuen-lun Mountains in two headstreams, the Kara-kash and the Yurun-kash, which unite towards the middle of the desert, some 90 m. N. of the town of Khotan. The conjoint stream then flows 18o m. northwards across the desert of Takla-makan, though it carries water only in the early summer, and empties itself into the Tarim a few miles below the confluence of the Ak-su with the Yarkand-darya (Tarim). In crossing the desert it falls 1250 ft. in a distance of 270 M. Its total length is about 300 M. and the area it drains probably nearly 40,000 sq. m. See J. P. A. R6musat, Histoire de la ville de Khotan (Paris, 1820) ; and Sven Hedin, Through Asia
Asia
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