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Encyclopedia Britannica



KHARPUT

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 773 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KHA-KRI
KHARPUT , the most important town in the Kharput (or Mamuret el-Aziz) vilayet of
Asia
 
Minor
 , situated at an altitude of 4350 ft., a few miles
south
  of the Murad Su or Eastern Euphrates, and almost as near the source of the
Tigris
 , on the
Samsun
 -Sivas-Diarbekr road. Pop. about 20,000. The town is built on a hill terrace about l000 ft. above a well-watered plain of exceptional fertility which lies to the
south
  and supports a large population. Kharput probably stands on or near the site of Carcathiocerta in Sophene, reached by
Corbulo
  in A.D. 65. The early Moslem geographers knew it as Hisn Ziyad, but the Armenian name was Khartabirt or Kharbirt, whence Kharput. Cedrenus (11th century) writes Xapirore. There is a story that in 1122
Joscelin (Jocelyn) of Courtenay, and Baldwin II., king of Jerusalem, both prisoners of the Amir Balak in its castle, were murdered by being cast from its cliffs after an attempted rescue. The story is told by William of Tyre, who calls the place Quart Piert or Pierre, but it is a mere romance. Kharput is an important station of the American missionaries, who have built a college, a theological
seminary
 , and boys' and girls' schools. In November 1895 Kurds looted and burned the Armenian villages on the plain; and in the same month Kharput was at-tacked and the American schools were burned down. A large number of the Gregorian and
Protestant
  Armenian clergy and people were massacred, and churches, monasteries and houses were looted. The vilayet Kharput was founded in 1888, being the result of a provincial rearrangement, designed to ensure better
control
  over the disturbed districts of Kurdistan. It has much
mineral
  wealth, a healthy climate and a fertile soil. The seat of government is Mezere, on the plain 3 M. S. of Kharput.
(D. G. H.)


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