KHARKOV

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 772 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KHA-KRI

KHARKOV , a town of southern Russia,

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

of the above government, in 56 37' N. and 25 5' E., in the valley of the Donets, 152 M. by rail S.S.E. of Kursk. Oak forests bound it on two sides. Pop. (1867), 59,968; (1900), 197,405. Kharkov is an archiepiscopal see of the Orthodox Greek Church, and the headquarters of the X. army corps. The four annual fairs are among the busiest in Russia, more especially the Kreshchenskaya or Epiphany

fair

FAIR

, which is opened on the 6th (loth) of January, and the Pokrovsky

fair

FAIR

in the autumn. The turnover at the former is estimated at 3,000,000 to 4,000,000. Thou-sands of horses are bought and sold. At the Trinity (Troitsa) fair in June an extensive business (800,000) is done in wool. A

great

GREAT

variety of manufactured goods are produced in the townlinen, felt, beetroot

sugar

SUGAR

, tobacco, brandy, soap, candles, cast-iron. Kharkov is an educational centre for the higher and middle classes. Besides a flourishing university, instituted in 1805, and attended by from 1600 to 1700 students, it possesses a technological institute (400 students), a railway engineering school, an

observatory

OBSERVATORY

, a veterinary college, a botanical

garden

GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

, a theological

seminary

SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

, and a commercial school. The university building was formerly a royal palace. The library contains 170,000 volumes; and the zoological collections are especially

rich

in the birds and fishes of southern Russia. Public gardens occupy the site of the ancient military works; and the government has a model farm in the neighbourhood. Of the Orthodox churches one has the rank of

cathedral

CATHEDRAL

(1781). Among the public institutions are a people's palace (1903) and an industrial museum.
The foundation of Kharkov is assigned to 165o, but there is archaeological evidence of a much earlier occupation of the

district

DISTRICT

, if not of the site. The Cossacks of Kharkov remained faithful to the tsar during the rebellions of the latter part of the 17th century; in return they received numerous privileges, and continued to be a strong advance-guard of the Russian power, till the final subjugation of all the southern region. With other military settlements Kharkov was placed on a new footing in 1765; and at the same time it became the administrative centre of the Ukraine.

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