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Encyclopedia Britannica



KHANSA (Tumadir hint `Amr, known as al-Khansa) (d. c. 645)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 771 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: KHA-KRI
KHANSA (Tumadir hint `Amr, known as al-Khansa) (d. c. 645) , Arabian poetess of the tribe Sulaim, a branch of Qais, was born in the later years of the 6th century and brought up in such wealth and luxury as the desert could give. Refusing the offer of Duraid ibn us-Simma, a poet and prince, she married Mirdas and had by him three sons. Afterwards she married again. Before the time of
Islam
  she lost her
brothers
  akhr and Moawiya in battle. Her elegies written on these
brothers
  and on her father made her the most famous poetess of her time. At the
fair
  of `Ukaz Nabigha Dhubyani is said to have placed A'sha first among the poets then present and
Khansa
  second above Hassan ibn Thabit.
Khansa
  with her tribe accepted
Islam
  somewhat
late
 , but persisted in wearing the
heathen
  sign of mourning, against the precepts of Islam. Her four sons fought in the armies of Islam and were slain in the battle of Kadisiya. Omar wrote her a
letter
  congratulating her on their heroic end and assigned her a pension. She died in her tent c. 645. Her daughter `Amra also wrote poetry.
Opinion
  was divided among later critics as to whether Khansa or Laila (see ARABIC LITERATURE: Poetry) was the greater.
Her diwan has been edited by L. Cheikho (Beirut, 1895) and translated into French by De Coppier (Beirut, 1889),. Cf. T. Noldeke's Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Poesie der alten Araber (Hanover, 1864). Stories of her life are contained in the Kitab ul-Aghani, xiii. 136-147. (G. W. T.)


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