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Encyclopedia Britannica



KARST

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 683 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: JUN-KHA
KARST , in
physical
  geography, the region
east
  of the northern
part
  of the Adriatic. It is composed of high and dry limestone ridges. The country is excessively faulted by a
long
 
series
  of parallel fractures that border the N.E. Adriatic and continue inland that
series
  of steps which descend beneath the sea and produce the series of
long
  parallel islands off the
coast
  of Triestand along the Dalmatian shore. It has been shown by E. Suess (Antlitz der Erde, vol. i. pt. 2, ch. iii.) that the N. Adriatic is a sunken dish that has descended along these fractures and folds, which are not uncommonly the
scene
  of earthquakes, showing that these movements are still in progress. The crust is very much broken in consequence and the water sinks readily through the broken limestone rocks, which owing to their nature are also very absorbent. The result is that the scenery is barren and desolate, and as this structure always, wherever found, gives rise to similar features, a landscape of this character is called a Karst landscape. The water running in underground channels dissolves and denudes away the underlying
rock
 , producing
great
  caves as at Adelsberg, and breaking the surface with sinks, potholes and unroofed chasms. The barren nature of a purely limestone country is seen in the treeless regions of some parts of
Derbyshire
 , while the underground streams and sinks of parts of Yorkshire, and the unroofed gorge formed by the Cheddar cliffs, give some indication of the action that in the high fractured mountains of the Karst produces a depressing landscape which has some of the features of the " bad lands " of America, though due to a different cause.


End of Article: KARST


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