KAMENETS PODOLSKIY, or PODOLIAN KAMENETS (Polish Kamieniec)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 646 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: JUN-KHA

KAMENETS PODOLSKIY, or PODOLIAN KAMENETS (Polish Kamieniec) , a town of S.-W. Russia,

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

town of the government of Podolia. It stands in 48 40' N. and 26 30' E., on a high, rocky bluff of the river Smotrich, a left .hand tributary of the Dniester, and near the Austrian frontier. Pop. (1863), 20,699; (1900) 39,113, of whom 50% were

Jews

and 30% Poles. Round the town lies a cluster of suburban villages, Polish Folwark, Russian Folwark, Zinkovtsui, Karvasarui, &c.; and on the opposite side of the river, accessible by a wooden

bridge

BRIDGE

, stands the castle which

long

LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

frowned defiance across the Dniester to Khotin in

Bessarabia

BESSARABIA

. Kamenets is the see of a Roman Catholic and a Greek Orthodox

bishop

. The Roman Catholic

cathedral

CATHEDRAL

of St Peter and St Paul, built in 1361, is distinguished by a

minaret

MINARET (from the Arabic mandrat ; manar or miner is Arabic for a lighthouse, a tower on which liar, fire, is lit)

, recalling the time when it was used as a mosque by the Turks (r672-1699). The Greek

cathedral

CATHEDRAL

of John the Baptist

dates

DATES

from the 16th century, but up to 1798 belonged to the Basilian monastery. Other buildings are the Orthodox Greek monastery of the Trinity, and the Catholic Armenian church (founded in 1398), possessing a 14th-century missal and an image of the Virgin Mary that saw the Mongol invasion of 1239
1242. The town contains Orthodox Greek and Roman Catholic seminaries, Jewish colleges, and an archaeological museum for church antiquities, founded in 189o. Kamenets was laid waste by the Mongol leader Batu in 1240. In 1434 it was made the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

town of the province of Podolia. In the 15th and 16th centuries it suffered frequently from the invasions of

Tatars

TATARS (the common form Tartars is less correct)

, Moldavians and Turks; and in 1672 the hetman of the Cossacks, Doroshenko, assisted by Sultan Mahommed IV. of Turkey, made himself master of the place. Restored to Poland by the peace of Karlowitz (1699), it passed with Podolia to Russia in 1795. Here the Turks were defeated by the Poles in 1633, and here twenty years later peace was concluded between the same antagonists. The fortifications were demolished in 1813.

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