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Encyclopedia Britannica



KALINGA, or CALINGA

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 642 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: JUN-KHA
KALINGA, or CALINGA , one of the nine kingdoms of southern India in ancient times. Its exact limits varied, but included the eastern
Madras
 
coast
  from Pulicat to
Chicacole
 , running inland from the Bay of
Bengal
  to the Eastern Ghats. The name at one time had a wider and vaguer meaning, comprehending
Orissa
 , and possibly extending to the Ganges valley. The Kalinga of Pliny certainly included
Orissa
 , but latterly it seems to have been confined to the Telugu-speaking country; and in the time of Hsuan Tsang (63o A.D.) it was distinguished on the
south
  and west from Andhra, and on the north from Odra or Orissa. Taranatha, the Tibetan historian, speaks of Kalinga as one division of the country of Telinga. Hsuan Tsang speaks of Kalinga (" Kie-ling-kia ") having its
capital
  at what has been identified with the site either of Rajahmundry or Coringa. Both these towns, as well as Singapur, Calingapatam and
Chicacole
 , share the honour of having been the
chief
  cities of Kalinga at different periods; but
inscriptions
  recently deciphered seem to prove that the
capital
  of the Ganga dynasty of Kalinga was at Mukhalingam in the Ganjam
district
 .


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