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Encyclopedia Britannica



KAIN

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 635 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: JUN-KHA
KAIN , the name of a sub-province and of a town of Khorasan, Persia. The sub-province extends about 300 M. N. to S., from Khaf to Seistan, and about 150 M. W. to E., from the hills of Tun to the Afghan frontier, comprising the whole of south-western Khorasan. It is very hilly, but contains many wide plains and fertile villages at a mean
elevation
  of 4000 ft. It has a population of about 150,000, rears great numbers of camels and produces much grain, saffron, wool, silk and opium. The
chief
  manufactures are felts and other woollen fabrics, principally carpets, which have a world-wide reputation. The best Kaini carpets are made at . Darakhsh, a
village
  in the Zirkuh
district
  and 50 M. N.E. of
Birjend
 . It is divided into eleven administrative divisions: Shahabad (with the
capital
 
Birjend
 ), Naharjan, Alghur, Tabas sunni Khaneh, Zirkuh Shakhan, Kain, Nimbulak, Nehbandan, Khasi, Arab Khaneh or Momenabad.
The town of Kain, the
capital
  of the sub-province until 1740, when it was supplanted by Birjend, is situated 65 m. N. of Birjend on the eastern side of a broad valley, stretching from N. to S., at the base of the mountain Abuzar, in 33 42' N. and 59 8' E., and at an
elevation
  of 4500 ft. Its population is barely 5o00. It is surrounded by a mud
wall
  and bastions, and near it, on a hill rising 5oo ft. above the plain, are the ruins of an ancient castle which, together with the old town, was destroyed either by Shah Rukh (1404-1447), a son, or by Baysunkur (d. 1433), a grandson of Timur (Tamerlane), who afterwards built a new town. After a time the Uzbegs took possession and held the town until Shah Abbas I. (1587-1629) expelled them. In the 18th century it fell under the sway of the Afghans and remained a dependency of Herat until 1851. A large number of windmills are at work outside the town. The great mosque, now in a ruinous state, was built A.H. 796 (A.D. 1394) by
Karen
  b..Jamshid and repaired by Yusof Dowlatyar.


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