JUXON, WILLIAM (1582-1663)

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JUXON, WILLIAM (1582-1663) , English prelate, was the son of Robert Juxon arnl was born probably at Chichester, being educated at Merchant Taylors' School, London, and at St John's College, Oxford, where he was elected to a scholarship in 1598. He studied law at Oxford, but afterwards he took holy orders, and in 1609 became vicar of St Giles, Oxford, a living which he retained until he became

rector

RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

of Somerton, Oxfordshire, in 1615. In December 1621 he succeeded his friend, William Laud, as president of St John's College, and in 1626 and 1627 he was vice-chancellor of the university. Juxon soon obtained other important positions, including that of chaplain-in-ordinary to Charles I. In 1627 he was made dean of Worcester and in 1632 he was nominated to the bishopric of

Hereford

HEREFORD

, an event which led him to resign the presidency of St John's in January 1633. However, he never took up his episcopal duties at Here-ford, as in October 1633 he was consecrated bishop of London in succession to Laud. He appears to have been an excellent bishop, and in March 1636 Charles I. entrusted him with important secular duties by making him lord high treasurer of England; thus for the next five years he was dealing with the many financial and other difficulties which beset the king and his advisers. He resigned the treasurership in May 1641. During the Civil War the bishop, against whom no charges were brought in parliament, lived undisturbed at Fulham Palace, and his advice was often sought by the king, who had a very high

opinion

OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

of him, and who at his execution selected him to be with him on the

scaffold

and to administer to him the last consolations of religion. Juxon was deprived of his bishopric in 1649 and retired to Little Compton in Gloucestershire, where he had bought an estate, and here he became famous as the owner of a

pack

of hounds. At the restoration of Charles II. he became archbishop of Canterbury and in his official capacity he took part in the coronation of this king, but his health soon began to fail and he died at Lambeth on the 4th of June 1663. By his will the archbishop was a benefactor to St John's College, where he was buried; he also aided the work of restoring St Paul's Cathedral and rebuilt the great

hall

at Lambeth Palace.
See W. H. Marah, Memoirs of Archbishop Juxon and his Times (1869); the best authority for the archbishop's life is the article by W. H. Hutton in the Dict. Nat. Biog. (1892).
K The eleventh letter in the Phoenician alphabet and in its descendant Greek, the tenth in Latin owing to the omission of Teth (see I), and once more the eleventh in the alphabets of Western Europe owing to the insertion of J. In its long history the shape of K has changed very little. It is on the inscription of the Moabite Stone (early 9th cent. B.C.) in the form (written from right to left) of 1 and 1 . Similar forms are also found in early Aramaic, but another form M or y , which is found in the Phoenician of Cyprus in the 9th or roth century B.C. has had more effect upon the later development of the Semitic forms. The length of the two back strokes and the manner in which they join the upright are the only variations in Greek. In various places the back strokes, treated as an angle<, become more rounded ( , so that the letter appears as K , a form which in Latin probably affected the development of C (q.v.). In Crete it is elaborated into K and P . In Latin K, which is found in the earliest inscriptions, wasasoon replaced by C, and survived only in the abbreviations for Kalendae and the proper name Kaeso. The original name Kaph became in Greek Kappa. The sound of K throughout has been that of the unvoiced guttural, varying to some extent in its pronunciation according to the nature of the vowel sound which followed it. In Anglo-Saxon C replaced K through Latin influence, writing being almost entirely in the hands of ecclesiastics. As the sound-changes have been discussed under C it is necessary here only to refer to the palatalization of K followed earlier by a final e as in watch (Middle English wacche, Anglo-Saxon wecce) by the side of wake (M.E. waken, A.-S. wacan) ; batch, bake, &c. Sometimes an older form of the substantive survives, as in the Elizabethan and Northern make= mate alongside match. (P. GL)
K2, or MT GODWIN-AUSTEN, the second highest mountain in the world, ranking after Mt Everest. It is a peak of the Karakoram extension of the Murtagh range dividing Kashmir from Chinese Turkestan. The height of K2 as at present deter-mined by triangulation is 28,250 ft., but it is possible that an ultimate revision of the values of refraction at high altitudes may have the effect of lowering the height of K2, while it would elevate those of Everest and Kinchinjunga. The latter mountain would then rank second, and K2 third, in the scale of altitude, Everest always maintaining its ascendancy. K2 was ascended for the first time by the duke of the Abruzzi in June 1909, being the highest

elevation

ELEVATION

on the earth's surface ever reached by man.

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