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Encyclopedia Britannica



JUVENCUS, GAIUS VETTIUS AQUILINUS

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 613 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: JUN-KHA
JUVENCUS, GAIUS VETTIUS AQUILINUS , Christian poet, flourished during the reign of Constantine the
Great
 . Nothingis known of him except that he was a Spanish presbyter of distinguished family. About 330 he published his Libri evangeliorum IV., each book containing about 800 hexameters. The division into books is possibly a reminiscence of the number of the Gospels. The
work
  itself, written with the idea of ousting the absurdities of
Pagan
  mythology and replacing them by the truths of Christianity, may be called the first Christian epic. In the Praefatio the author expresses the
hope
  that the sacredness of his subject may procure him safety at the final conflagration of the world and admission into heaven. The whole is, in the main, a poetical version of the Gospel of
Matthew
 , the other evangelists only being used for supplementary details. It is founded upon a pre-vulgate Latin translation, although there is evidence that juvencus also consulted the Greek. In spite of metrical irregularities, the language and style are simple and show good taste, being free from the artificiality of other Christian poets and
prose
  writers, and the author has made excellent use of Virgil (his
chief
  model) and other classical writers. Juvencus set the fashion of verse translations of the Bible, and the large number of MSS. of his poem mentioned in lists and still extant are sufficient evidence of its
great
  popularity. According to Jerome, he was also the author of some poems on the sacraments, but no trace of these has survived. The Latin Heptateuch, a hexameter version of the first seven books of the Old Testament, has been attributed to Juvencus amongst others; but it is now generally supposed to be the
work
  of a certain Cyprianus, a Gaul who lived in the 6th century, possibly a bishop of Toulon, author of the Life of Caesarius, bishop of Arelate (Arles).
See M. Manitius, Geschichte der christlich-lateinischen Poesie (1891) ; A. Ebert, Allgemeine Geschichte der Literatur des Mittelalters, vol. i. (1889); editions of Juvencus by C. Marold (1886); J. I-Iumer in Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum, vol.xxiv. (Vienna, 1891) ; J. T. Hatfield, A Study of Juvencus (189o), dealing with syntax, metre and language; editions of the Heptateuch by J. E. B. Mayor (1889; reviewed by W. Sanday in Classical Review, October 1889, and by J. T. Hatfield in American Journal of Philology, vol. xi., 189o), and R. Peiper, vol. xxiii. of the Vienna
series
  above. -


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