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Encyclopedia Britannica



JUSTICIARY, HIGH COURT OF

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 595 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: JUN-KHA
JUSTICIARY, HIGH COURT OF , in
Scotland
 , the supreme criminal court, consisting of five of the lords of session together with the lord justice-general and the lord justice-clerk as president and vice-president respectively. The constitution of the court is settled by the Act 1672 c. 16. The lords of
justiciary
  hold circuits regularly twice a year according to the ancient practice, which, however, had been allowed to fall into disuse until revived in 1748. For circuit purposes
Scotland
  is divided into northern, southern and western districts (see CIRCUIT). Two judges generally go on a circuit, and in Glasgow they are by
special
 
statute
  authorized to sit in
separate
  courts. By the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1887 all the senators of the college of justice are lords commissioners of
justiciary
 . The high court, sitting in Edinburgh, has, in addition to its general jurisdiction, an exclusive jurisdiction for districts not within the jurisdiction of the circuitsthe three Lothians, and Orkney and
Shetland
 . The high court also takes up points of difficulty arising before the
special
  courts, like the court for crown cases reserved in England. The court of justiciary has authority to try all crimes, unless when its jurisdiction has been excluded by special enactment of the legislature. It is also stated to have an inherent jurisdiction to punish all criminal acts, even if they have never before been treated as crimes. Its judgments are believed to be not subject to any appeal or
review
 , but it may be doubted whether an appeal on a point of law would not lie to the
house
  of lords. The following crimes must be prosecuted in the court of justiciary: treason, murder, robbery, rape, fire-raising, deforcement of messengers, breach of duty by magistrates, and all offences for which a statutory
punishment
  higher than imprisonment is imposed.


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