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Encyclopedia Britannica



JUNTA (from juntar, to join)

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 561 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: JUN-KHA
JUNTA (from juntar, to join) , a Spanish word meaning (1) any
meeting
  for a common purpose; (2) a committee; (3) an administrative council or board. The
original
  meaning is now rather lost in the two derivative significations. The Spaniards have even begun to make use of the barbarism main, corrupted from the
English
  "
meeting
 ." The word junta has always been and still is used in the other senses. Some of the boards by which the Spanish administration was conducted under the
Habsburg
  and the earlier Bourbon kings were styled juntas. The superior governing
body
  of the
Inquisition
  was the junta suprema. The provincial committees formed to organize resistance to
Napoleon
 's invasion in 18o8 were so called, and so was the general committee chosen from among them to represent the nation. In the War of Independence (1808-1814), and in all subsequent civil wars or revolutionary disturbances in Spain or Spanish America, the local executive bodies, elected, or in some cases self-chosen, to appoint
officers
 , raise money and soldiers, look after the wounded, and discharge the functions of an administration, have been known as juntas.
The form " Junto," a corruption due to other Spanish words ending in -o, came into use in
English
  in the 17th century, often in a disparaging sense, of a party united for a political purpose,a
faction
  or cabal; it was particularly applied to the advisers of Charles I., to the Rump under Cromwell, and to the leading members of the
great
  Whig houses who controlled the government in the reigns of William III. and Anne.


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