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Encyclopedia Britannica



JOHANAN BEN ZACCAI

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 431 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: JEE-JUN
JOHANAN BEN ZACCAI , Palestinian
rabbi
 , contemporary of the Apostles. He was a disciple of Hillel (q.v.), and after the-destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem by Titus was the main
instrument
  in the preservation of the Jewish religion. During the last decades of the Temple Johanan was a member of the Sanhedrin and a skilled controversialist against the Sadducees. He is also reported to have been head of a
great
  school in the
capital
 . In the war with Rome he belonged to the peace party, and finding that the Zealots were resolved on carrying their revolt to its inevitable sequel, Johanan had himself conveyed out of Jerusalem in a coffin. In the Roman camp the
rabbi
  was courteously received, and Vespasian (whose future
elevation
  to the imperial dignity Johanan, like Josephus, is said to have foretold) agreed to grant him any boon he desired. Johanan obtained permission to found a college at Jamnia (Jabneh), which became the centre of Jewish culture. It practically exercised the judicial functions of the Sanhedrin (see
JEWS
 , 40 ad fin.). That
chief
  literary expression of Pharisaism, the Mishnah, was the outcome of the
work
  begun at Jamnia. Johanan solaced his disciples on the fall of the Temple by the
double
  thought that charity could replace sacrifice, and that a life devoted to the religious law could form a fitting continuation of the old theocratic state. " Johanan felt the fall of his people more deeply than anyone else, butand in this lies his historical importancehe did spore than any one else to prepare the way for
Israel
  to rise again " (Bacher).
See Graetz, History of the
Jews
  (Eng. trans.), vol. ii. ch. xiii.; Weiss, Dor dor ve-doreshav, ii. 36; Bacher, Die Agada der Tannaiten, vol. i. ch. iii. (I. A.)


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