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Encyclopedia Britannica



JHANG

This article appears in Volume V15, Page 412 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: JEE-JUN
JHANG , a town and
district
  of British India, in the Multan division of the Punjab. The town, which forms one municipality with the newer and now more important quarter of Maghiana, is about 3 M. from the right bank of the river Chenab. Founded by Mal Khan, a Sial chieftain, in 1462, it long formed the
capital
  of a Mahommedan state. Pop. (Igor), 24,382. Maghiana has manufactures of leather, soap and metal
ware
 .
The
DISTRICT
  OF JHANG extends along both sides of the Chenab, including its confluences with the Jhelum and the Ravi. Area, 3726 sq. in. Pop. (Igor), 378,695, showing an apparent decrease of 13 % in the decade, due to the creation of the district of Lyallpur in 1904. But actually the population increased by 132 % on the old area, owing to the opening of the Chenab canal and the colonization of the
tract
  irrigated by it. Within Jhang many thousands of acres of government wastehave been allotted to colonists, who are reported to be flourishing. A branch of the North-Western railway enters the district in this quarter, extending throughout its entire length. The Southern Jech Doab railway serves the
south
 . The principal
industries
  are the ginning, pressing and weaving of
cotton
 .
Jhang contains the ruins of Shorkot, identified with one of the towns taken by Alexander. In modern times the history of Jhang centres in the famous clan of Sials, who exercised an extensive sway over a large
tract
  between Shahpur and Multan, with little dependence on the imperial court at Delhi, until they finally fell before the X11-absorbing power of Ranjit Singh. The Sials of Jhang are Mahommedans of Rajput descent, whose ancestor, Rai Shankar of Daranagar, emigrated early in the 13th century from the Gangetic Doab. In the beginning of the 19th century Maharaja Ranjit Singh invaded Jhang, and captured the Sial chieftain's territory. The latter recovered a small portion afterwards, which he was allowed to retain on payment of a yearly tribute. In 1847, after the
establishment
  of the British agency at Lahore, the district came under the charge of the British government; and in 1848 Ismail Khan, the Sial leader, rendered important services against the rebel chiefs, for which he received a pension. During the Mutiny of 1857 the Sial leader again proved his loyalty by serving in person on the British side. His pension was afterwards increased, and he obtained the title of khan bahadur, with a small jagir for life.


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